TABLE 2.

Source and function of different bacterial outer membrane vesicle components in IBD.

Component	Source	Role	References
BTMinpp	Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron	Promotes intracellular CA++ signaling in IECs	Stentz et al. (2014)
Calcium-dependent trypsin-like serine protease (VesC)	Vibrio cholera	Plays a role in intestinal colonization of bacteria	Mondal et al. (2016)
		Induces necrosis
		Increase IL-8 secretion in host cells
Capsular polysaccharide (PSA)	Bacteroides fragilis	Induces anti-inflammatory cytokine production in DCs	Shen et al. (2012)
		Enhances Treg response
Hemagglutinin protease (HAP)	Vibrio cholera	Induces apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells	Mondal et al. (2016)
Hemolysin	Enterohemorrhagic E.coli	Apoptosis of endothelial cells	Bielaszewska et al. (2013)
Peptidoglycan	Escherichia coli	Triggers NOD1 signaling cascade	Cañas et al. (2018)
		Induces expression of IL-6, IL-8 and NF-κB
sRNA52320	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Reduces IL-8 secretion from LPS induced IECs	Koeppen et al. (2016)
		Attenuates neutrophil infiltration