Table 2.
Ferroptosis inhibitors
| Classification | Compound/drug | Target/function |
|---|---|---|
| Inhibitor | Ferrostatin-1 | Prevent membrane lipid damage |
| SP600125 | JNK | |
| Acetylcysteine (N-Acetylcysteine) | ROS; Cysteine | |
| Deferoxamine mesylate | Free iron | |
| Necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) | RIP1 kinase; IDO | |
| Rosiglitazone (BRL 49,653) | PPARγ agonist; TRPC5 and TRPM3 | |
| SB 202,190 | P38 and p38β2 | |
| Curcumin (Diferuloylmethane) | NF-κB and MAPKs | |
| (−)-Epigallocatechin Gallate | EGFRse;OXPHOS | |
| U-73122 |
Phospholipase C; 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) |
|
| Bardoxolone methyl | Nrf2 and NF-κB | |
| Trolox | vitamin E | |
| L-Glutathione reduced | Scavenge oxygen free radicals | |
| Pioglitazone (U 72,107) | PPARγ | |
| Deferiprone | Iron chelator | |
| Troglitazone | PPARγ agonists | |
| Baicalein | Xanthine oxidase inhibitor | |
| Coenzyme Q10 | Electron transport chain | |
| Deferasirox (ICL 670) | Chelating excess iron ions | |
| α-Vitamin E (( +)-α-Tocopherol) | Fat-soluble antioxidant | |
| Zileuton | 5- lipoxygenase | |
|
L-Glutamine (L-Glutamic acid 5-amide) |
Metabolic processes | |
| Deferasirox | Iron ion chelating | |
| Vildagliptin (LAF237) | DPP-IV | |
| Nordihydroguaiaretic acid | 5LOX | |
| Idebenone | Coenzyme Q10 | |
| Pioglitazone hydrochloride | PPARγ agonists | |
|
Ciclopirox olamine (Ciclopirox ethanolamine) |
Antifungal agent | |
| Rosiglitazone maleate (BRL 49653C) | PPARγ;TRPM2;TRPM3 and TRPC5 | |
| Dp44mT | Iron Chelator | |
| Eugenol | Antioxidant | |
| DL-alpha-Tocopherol | Antioxidant | |
| Deferasirox Fe3 + chelate | Chelator of iron ions | |
| D-Glutamine | D—type stereoisomer of a cell permeable Glutamine | |
| Butylated hydroxytoluene | Antioxidant | |
| Docebenone (AA 861) | 5-LO | |
| Vildagliptin dihydrate (LAF237 dihydrate) | DPP-IV | |
| Pioglitazone D4 (U 72,107 D4) | PPARγ | |
| Curcumin D6 (Diferuloylmethane D6) | HATS; NF-κB and MAPKs |