Table 4.
Difference-in-difference estimates expressed in terms of the aggregate change in water consumption by billing cycle.
|
(A) Bill 1 |
(1) | (2) | (3) |
| DID |
DID (Min) |
DID (Max) |
|
| Estimated %Change in average daily consumption | |||
| Residential | 12.19% | 11.40% | 12.75% |
| Commercial | −34.69% | −35.66% | −34.10% |
| Schools | −61.02% | −66.18% | −55.78% |
| Estimated change in water consumption over 30 days (in gallons) | |||
| Residential | 176,872,066 | 165,514,822 | 185,033,195 |
| Commercial | −116,286,309 | −119,545,977 | −114,306,909 |
| Schools | −12,754,793 | −13,833,610 | −11,660,464 |
| Net Effect |
47,830,964 |
32,135,235 |
59,065,822 |
| (B) Bill 2 |
DID |
DID (Min) |
DID (Max) |
| Estimated %Change in average daily consumption | |||
| Residential | 26.11% | 25.86% | 26.62% |
| Commercial | −18.13% | −19.99% | −14.87% |
| Schools | −62.73% | −66.31% | −60.31% |
| Estimated change in water consumption over 30 days (in gallons) | |||
| Residential | 378,956,947 | 375,300,138 | 386,292,542 |
| Commercial | −60,767,151 | −67,007,787 | −49,851,573 |
| Schools | −13,113,390 | −13,861,836 | −12,606,774 |
| Net Effect |
305,076,406 |
294,430,515 |
323,834,195 |
| (C) Bill 3 |
DID |
DID (Min) |
DID (Max) |
| Estimated %Change in average daily consumption | |||
| Residential | 24.61% | 23.49% | 25.86% |
| Commercial | −12.19% | −13.84% | −9.70% |
| Schools | −59.30% | −67.18% | −53.37% |
| Estimated change in water consumption over 30 days (in gallons) | |||
| Residential | 357,125,396 | 340,922,799 | 375,300,138 |
| Commercial | −40,866,244 | −46,406,385 | −32,507,543 |
| Schools | −12,396,722 | −14,042,579 | −11,157,327 |
| Net Effect |
303,862,429 |
280,473,835 |
331,635,267 |
| (C) Bill 4 |
DID |
DID (Min) |
DID (Max) |
| Estimated %Change in average daily consumption | |||
| Residential | 35.93% | 35.66% | 36.21% |
| Commercial | −11.04% | −14.02% | −9.24% |
| Schools | −29.74% | −44.35% | −15.89% |
| Estimated change in water consumption over 30 days (in gallons) | |||
| Residential | 521,503,131 | 517,561,515 | 525,452,639 |
| Commercial | −37,014,630 | −46,983,604 | −30,990,229 |
| Schools | −6,217,576 | −9,270,271 | −3,320,993 |
| Net Effect | 478,270,925 | 461,307,640 | 491,141,417 |
Notes: In each sub-panel labeled “Estimated %Change in average daily consumption” we re-produce the DID estimates reported in Table 3 (approximate %Change in the outcome variable) after taking the transformation, [exp(x)-1] × 100, which allows us here to interpret model estimates in terms of the actual %Change in the outcome variable. In the corresponding sub-panel labeled “Estimated change in water consumption over 30 days (in gallons)” we take each DID estimate and multiply it by the product of: (a) the total number of known properties across each user type; (b) the average number of gallons of water consumed per day over the course of the billing cycle averaged over all properties within each user type; (c) 30 days. This allows us to convert the DID estimates we report into an estimate of the aggregate change in water consumption (in gallons) over the course of 30 days (which is the approximate length of a billing cycle) for each of the four billing cycles following the COVID-19 SAH order.