Table 1.
GEMMs of DMG.
| Model | Technical approach | Incidence | Genotype | Cell of Origin | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GEMM | |||||
| RCAS/tv-a | |||||
| 80% by 3 months | PDGF-B, p16 loss | nestin-expressing NPCs (hindbrain) | [59] | ||
| 77% in 1 month | PDGF-B, p53 loss | nestin-expressing NPCs (hindbrain) | [61] | ||
| 72% by 3 months | H3.3K27M, p53 loss | nestin-expressing NPCs (hindbrain) | [19] | ||
| 95% by 3 months | H3.3K27M, p53 loss, PDGF-B | nestin-expressing NPCs (hindbrain) | [111] | ||
| 43% by 3 months | H3.3K27M, p53 loss, PDGF-B | Pax3-expressing NPCs (hindbrain) | [64] | ||
| 100% by 1–1.5 months | H3.3K27M, p53 loss, PDGF-B | nestin-expressing NPCs (hindbrain) | [112] | ||
| In utero electroporation | |||||
| 100% by 4 months | H3.3K27M, p53 loss, PDGFRA, ATRX loss | periventricular NPCs (forebrain/hindbrain) | [113] | ||
| 100% by 6–8 months | H3.3K27M, p53 loss | periventricular NPCs (forebrain/hindbrain) | [113] | ||
| 100% by 4 months | H3.3K27M, p53 loss, ATRX loss | periventricular NPCs (forebrain/hindbrain) | [113] | ||
| >90% by 1.5–2 months | H3.3K27M, DNp53, PDGFRAD842V | periventricular NPCs (forebrain) | [114] | ||
| 100% by 1 month | H3.3K27M, p53 loss, PDGF-B | periventricular NPCs (hindbrain) | [115] | ||
| 100% by 1 month | H3.3WT, p53 loss, PDGF-B | periventricular NPCs (hindbrain) | [115] | ||
| 100% by 1 month | H3.3WT, p53 loss, PDGFRAD842V | hindbrain periventricular NPCs (hindbrain) | [115] | ||
| 100% by 1 month | H3.3K27M, p53 loss, PDGFRAWT | hindbrain periventricular NPCs (hindbrain) | [115] | ||
| Transgenic | |||||
| 100% by 4 months | H3.3K27M, p53 loss | nestin-expressing NPCs | [113] | ||
| 100% by 4 months | H3.3K27M, p53 loss | GFAP-expressing NPCs | [113] | ||
| 86% by 3 months | H3.3K27M, p53 loss | nestin-expressing NPCs | [21] | ||
| 96% by 3 months | p53 loss, PDGFRAV544ins | nestin-expressing NPCs | [21] | ||
| 80% by 3 months | H3.1K27M, ACVR1G328V, PIK3CAH1047R | Olig2-expressing OPCs | [116] | ||
| 80% by 3 months | H3.1K27M, ACVR1G328V | Olig2-expressing OPCs | [116] |