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. 2021 Jun 4;12:684233. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.684233

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Copyright © 2021 Chen, Chou and Yang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effects of MAT on (A) immunohistochemistry of the ileum and (B) intestinal injury score and Western blotting of tight junction proteins in 7-day-old mice. Compared with the mice born to the control dams, the mice born to the antibiotic-treated dams exhibited fewer goblet cells (asterisk) in the epithelium and a significantly higher intestinal injury score; they also exhibited dilated capillaries and lacteal ducts in the lamina propria of the villi (black arrow) and separated lamina propria in the basal portion of the mucosa from the submucosa (white arrow). Mice born to the control dams exhibited intact construct of ZO-1 and occludin staining (white arrow). Those born to the antibiotic-treated dams exhibited disrupted ZO-1 and occludin immunohistochemistry between adjacent enterocytes and significantly lower ZO-1 and occludin protein expression levels than the mice born to the control dams (n = 9). ^*p < 0.05. MAT, maternal antibiotic treatment.