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. 2021 Jun 22;9:112. doi: 10.1186/s40478-021-01213-7

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — Chronic J4 treatment decreases AMPK activation and rescues mitochondrial abnormalities in the hippocampi of Tau22 mice. a Posterior hippocampal sections (6 μm) from normal subjects and Alzheimer’s Disease and FTD-Tau (CBD, PSP, and Pick’s disease) patients were subjected to IHC staining. The levels of phospho-AMPK and hyperphosphorylated tau were evaluated by staining with the indicated antibodies (pAMPK^Thr172, green; AT8 for pTau^{Ser202/Thr205}, red). b–f Mice were treated as indicated (WTC, black; WTJ, blue; TauC, red; TauJ, green; n = 5–7 in each group) from the age of 3–11 months. Hippocampal sections (20 μm) were prepared and subjected to IHC staining using the indicated antibodies (pAMPK^Thr172, green; AT8 for pTau^{Ser202/Thr205}, red), and the staining was quantified (c, d). Scale bar, 20 μm. e, f The level of the mitochondrial marker ATP5a was evaluated by staining with an anti-ATP5a antibody (e, green) and quantified (f; n = 3 in each group). Scale bar, 5 μm. The data are expressed as the mean ± S.E.M. *p < 0.05 versus the WTC group; ^#p < 0.05, versus the TauC group, one-way ANOVA