Table 3.
Reported characteristics of cohort studies of CAPA in ICU patients that utilized bronchoscopy
| Country | Case definition | CAPA prevalence | Time to first Asp. positive sample after ICU admission in days (range)a | Ventilated | Proven/probable/putative | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| France | EORTC/MSGERC (if immunocompromised) [7] and IAPA [5] | 9/27 (33%) | Not specified | 27/27 | 0/1/8 | [15] |
| Franceb |
Modified IAPA [3] and EORTC/MSGERC [7] |
21/366 (5.7%) | 6 (1 -15) | 246/366 | 0/21/0 | [33] |
| Germany | Modified AspICU [8, 9] | 5/19 (26%) | Not specified | 5/5 | 0/–/5 | [16] |
| Netherlands | Modified IAPA [3] | 6/31 (19%) | 10 (3 – 28) | 6/6 | 0/3/3 | [17] |
| Belgium | AspICU [8] | 6/34 (21%) | 8 (2 – 16) | 6/6 | 4/–/2 | [18] |
| Italy | Modified IAPA [3] | 30/108 (28%) | 4 (2 – 8) daysc (study used screening protocol) | 30/30 | 0/30/– | [19] |
| AspICU [8] | 19/108 (18%) | 8 (0 – 35)d | 19/19 | 0/–/19 | ||
| UK | AspICU [8] | 8/135 (6%) | 7/8 | 0/–/8 | [20] | |
| IAPA [5] | 20/135 (15%) | 15/20 | 0/–/20 | |||
| Own definition | 19/135 (14%) | 14/19 | 0/–/19 | |||
| Belgium | Modified AspICU [8, 9] | 4/131 (3%) | 4 | 4/4 | 0/–/4 | [21] |
| Switzerland | Modified IAPA [3] | 3/80 (4%)¥ | 6 (3–8) | 3/3 | 0/1/2 | [22] |
| France | Modified AspICU [8, 9] | 19/106 (18%) | 11 (2–23) | 18/19 | 0/–/19 | [23] |
| France | EORTC/MSGERC (if immunocompromised) [7] and IAPA [5] | 7/145 (5%) | 10 (median) | 27/27 | 0/0/7 | [24] |
| Ireland | Not stated | 0/55 | – | Not stated | 0/0/0 | [36] |
| Netherlands | 2020 ECMM/ISHAM consensus definitions [10] | 7/33 (21%) | Not specified | Not specified | 0/7/– | [27] |
| Netherlands | 2020 ECMM/ISHAM consensus definitions [10] | 11/63 (17%) | 21 (13–27) | 10/11 | 0/11/– | [28] |
| USA | 2020 ECMM/ISHAM consensus definitions [10] | 20/396 (5%) | 13 (8.5–28) | 20/20 | 0/20/19e | [29] |
aTime to positivity: Antinori et al. culture sample taken at day 4 positive [37]. Ghelfenstein-Ferreira et al. culture positive with A. fumigatus of sample taken at day 6 after ICU admission [38]. Meijer et al. recovered A. fumigatus from a tracheal aspirate culture at ICU admission [39]. Mitaka et al. found that the 6 patients were mechanically ventilated for a mean of 6.8 days (range 1–14 days) before Aspergillus isolation [25]. The two patients described by Helleberg had growth of A. fumigatus in respiratory samples 1 and 5 days after starting mechanical ventilation [40]
bIncludes cohort of Alanio et al. [15]
c80 mechanical ventilated patients of a total of 118 patients admitted to the ICU
dOf 16 patients with multiple Aspergillus cultures positive
e19 possible CAPA cases according to their own classification [29]