TABLE 1. Demographic characteristics of respondents, by parent/caregiver role — The COVID-19 Outbreak Public Evaluation Initiative, United States, December 2020 and February–March 2021.
| Characteristic | Weighted no. (%)* |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Nonparents/ Noncaregivers | Parents only, caregivers of adults only, and parents-caregivers† | Parents only | Caregivers of adults only | Parents-caregivers | |
|
Total
|
10,444 (100)
|
6,008 (57.5)
|
4,436 (42.5)
|
875 (8.4)
|
1,170 (11.2)
|
2,391 (22.9)
|
|
Gender§
| ||||||
| Female |
5,138 (49.2)
|
3,144 (52.3) |
1,995 (45.0) |
510 (58.2) |
611 (52.2) |
874 (36.6) |
| Male |
5,227 (50.1)
|
2,827 (47.1) |
2,400 (54.1) |
360 (41.2) |
552 (47.2) |
1,487 (62.2) |
| Transgender |
58 (0.6)
|
26 (0.4) |
32 (0.7) |
— |
— |
26 (1.1) |
|
Age group, yrs
| ||||||
| 18–24 |
1,248 (11.9)
|
549 (9.1) |
699 (15.7) |
91 (10.5) |
145 (12.4) |
462 (19.3) |
| 25–44 |
3,605 (34.5)
|
1,377 (22.9) |
2,227 (50.2) |
426 (48.6) |
393 (33.6) |
1,409 (58.9) |
| 45–64 |
3,419 (32.7)
|
2,293 (38.2) |
1,126 (25.4) |
266 (30.4) |
427 (36.5) |
433 (18.1) |
| ≥65 |
2,172 (20.8)
|
1,789 (29.8) |
384 (8.6) |
92 (10.5) |
205 (17.5) |
87 (3.7) |
|
Race/Ethnicity
| ||||||
| White, non-Hispanic |
6,297 (60.3)
|
3,660 (60.9) |
2,637 (59.5) |
550 (62.9) |
711 (60.7) |
1,376 (57.6) |
| Black, non-Hispanic |
1,297 (12.4)
|
766 (12.7) |
531 (12.0) |
103 (11.8) |
135 (11.5) |
293 (12.2) |
| Asian, non-Hispanic |
589 (5.6)
|
408 (6.8) |
181 (4.1) |
43 (4.9) |
67 (5.7) |
71 (3.0) |
| Other, multiple races, non-Hispanic¶ |
382 (3.7)
|
220 (3.7) |
162 (3.6) |
36 (4.2) |
61 (5.2) |
64 (2.7) |
| Hispanic, any race |
1,880 (18.0)
|
955 (15.9) |
925 (20.9) |
142 (16.3) |
196 (16.8) |
587 (24.5) |
|
Employment status
| ||||||
| Employed |
5813 (55.7)
|
2,645 (44.0) |
3,167 (71.4) |
518 (59.2) |
654 (55.9) |
1,995 (83.4) |
| ≤40 hrs, <20% remote |
1,500 (14.4)
|
970 (16.1) |
531 (12.0) |
153 (17.5) |
179 (15.3) |
199 (8.3) |
| ≤40 hrs, 20%–80% remote |
1,209 (11.6)
|
448 (7.5) |
761 (17.2) |
102 (11.7) |
144 (12.3) |
515 (21.5) |
| ≤40 hrs, >80% remote |
877 (8.4)
|
490 (8.2) |
387 (8.7) |
76 (8.7) |
82 (7.0) |
228 (9.5) |
| >40 hrs, <20% remote |
568 (5.4)
|
341 (5.7) |
227 (5.1) |
66 (7.6) |
79 (6.8) |
81 (3.4) |
| >40 hrs, 20%–80% remote |
1,120 (10.7)
|
224 (3.7) |
896 (20.2) |
80 (9.1) |
117 (10.0) |
699 (29.2) |
| >40 hrs, >80% remote |
539 (5.2)
|
172 (2.9) |
366 (8.3) |
41 (4.7) |
53 (4.6) |
272 (11.4) |
| Unemployed |
1,791 (17.2)
|
1,160 (19.3) |
632 (14.2) |
208 (23.8) |
215 (18.4) |
208 (8.7) |
| Retired |
2,517 (24.1)
|
2,010 (33.5) |
508 (11.4) |
124 (14.2) |
265 (22.7) |
119 (5.0) |
| Student |
322 (3.1)
|
193 (3.2) |
129 (2.9) |
24 (2.8) |
36 (3.0) |
69 (2.9) |
|
Duration in parenting/caregiving role
| ||||||
| <3 mos |
—
|
— |
993 (22.4) |
183 (20.9) |
357 (30.5) |
454 (19.0) |
| 4–12 mos |
—
|
— |
1,368 (30.8) |
180 (20.5) |
264 (22.6) |
924 (38.6) |
| >1 yr |
—
|
— |
2,075 (46.8) |
513 (58.6) |
549 (46.9) |
1,013 (42.4) |
|
Parenting, hrs/wk
| ||||||
| <10 |
—
|
— |
— |
145 (16.5) |
— |
261 (10.9) |
| 10–20 |
—
|
— |
— |
207 (23.7) |
— |
377 (15.8) |
| 21–40 |
—
|
— |
— |
211 (24.1) |
— |
570 (23.8) |
| 41–60 |
—
|
— |
— |
92 (10.5) |
— |
374 (15.7) |
| >60 |
—
|
— |
— |
220 (25.2) |
— |
808 (33.8) |
|
Adult caregiving, hrs/wk
| ||||||
| <10 |
—
|
— |
— |
— |
317 (27.1) |
239 (10.0) |
| 10–20 |
—
|
— |
— |
— |
363 (31.0) |
457 (19.1) |
| 21–40 |
—
|
— |
— |
— |
229 (19.6) |
606 (25.4) |
| 41–60 |
—
|
— |
— |
— |
80 (6.8) |
352 (14.7) |
| >60 |
—
|
— |
— |
— |
182 (15.6) |
737 (30.8) |
|
Reason for providing care for adults**
| ||||||
| Age-related health decline |
—
|
— |
— |
— |
477 (40.8) |
587 (24.5) |
| Cognitive impairments |
—
|
— |
— |
— |
188 (16.1) |
339 (14.2) |
| Chronic health condition |
—
|
— |
— |
— |
303 (25.9) |
662 (27.7) |
| Acute health condition |
—
|
— |
— |
— |
118 (10.1) |
405 (16.9) |
| Mental health or substance use condition |
—
|
— |
— |
— |
162 (13.9) |
573 (24.0) |
| Active case of COVID-19 |
—
|
— |
— |
— |
96 (8.2) |
659 (27.5) |
| Risk for severe COVID-19 |
—
|
— |
— |
— |
190 (16.3) |
637 (26.6) |
| Other | — | — | — | — | 165 (14.1) | 155 (6.5) |
* Weighted numbers and percentages might not sum to expected values because of rounding.
† Parents and unpaid caregivers of adults were self-identified. Parents were defined as persons who had provided unpaid care to relatives or friends aged <18 years to help them take care of themselves at any time in the last 3 months. Unpaid caregivers of adults were defined as persons who had provided unpaid care to relatives or friends aged ≥18 years to help them take care of themselves at any time in the last 3 months. Respondents answered questions about parenting and caregiving separately. Respondents were categorized as parents only, caregivers (of adults) only, parents-caregivers (persons in both roles), or nonparents/noncaregivers. Whether adults in parenting roles were biologic or legal parents or guardians of the children for whom they were providing care is not known, nor is it known whether adults were legal dependents of their caregivers. This column includes all parents, caregivers of adults, and parents-caregivers listed in the next three columns. Weighted numbers and percentages might not sum to expected values because of rounding. Unweighted numbers and percentages for key demographic variables were as follows: survey wave (December 2020: 5,188 [49.7%]; February–March 2021: 5,256 [50.3%]), gender (female: 5,429 [52.0%]; male: 4,958 [47.5%]; transgender: 35 [0.3%]; none of these: 22 [0.2%]), age group (18–24 years: 867 [8.3%]; 25–44 years: 3,681 [35.2%]; 45–64 years: 2,994 [28.7%]; ≥65 years: 2,902 [27.8%]), and race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic White: 7,737 [74.1%]; non-Hispanic Black: 1,058 [10.1%]; non-Hispanic Asian: 529 [5.1%]; non-Hispanic other or multiple races: 353 [3.4%]; Hispanic or Latino: any race or races, 767 [7.3%]).
§ Respondents who chose “none of these” are not shown because of small numbers (total respondents: weighted n = 20, caregivers: weighted n = 10). Cells with counts <10 are not shown for privacy reasons.
¶ Includes respondents who identified as non-Hispanic and as more than one race or as American Indian or Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, or all other races.
** Caregivers of adults could select multiple answers.