Figure 1.
Overview of study designs used for data integration. A) Study 1 used a randomized, controlled, crossover study design to test the postprandial and short‐term effects of acidified milk and probiotic yogurt.[ 15 , 31 On dairy test days (D1 and D2) blood samples were collected fasting and postprandially for transcriptome and untargeted metabolome profiling (n = 7 subjects). Dietary restriction applied 3 days before the postprandial tests and diet was controlled throughout the study. B) Study 2 evaluated the response of obese (n = 5) and non‐obese (n = 8) participants to a standard metabolic challenge comprised of a lipid overload that was completed after an overnight fast. The postprandial response to the challenge was evaluated by blood sampling over 5 h for lipid profiling and transcriptome analysis.[ 20 ] C) Study 3 used a parallel, controlled study design to evaluate the effect of different dietary patterns on the fasting metabolic profile and transcriptome. After a 2 week run‐in phase of SFA diet, participants were randomly assigned to test for 8 weeks either a MED diet (n = 17), SFA diet (n = 16), or MUFA diet (n = 14).[ 22 ] D1/D2, dairy test; MED, Mediterranean; SFA, saturated fatty acid.