Table 1.
Base characteristics of patients in the training set (n = 383) and validation set (n = 191).
| Variable | Total | Training set (n = 383) | Validation set (n = 191) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (male vs. female) | 507/67 (88.3%/11.6%) | 338/45 (88.2%/11.7%) | 169/22 (88.4%/11.5%) | 0.384 |
| Age (years) | 53.57 ± 11.70 | 53.92 ± 11.51 | 53.01 ± 12.01 | 0.375 |
| Platelet count (×109/L) | 185.5 (137.7, 246.0) | 182 (138.0, 244.0) | 192.0 (137.0, 247.8) | 0.699 |
| Serum albumin (g/L) | 37.5 ± 4.6 | 37.5 ± 4.7 | 37.5 ± 4.4 | 0.984 |
| INR | 1.07 (1.01, 1.13) | 1.07 (1.02, 1.13) | 1.05 (0.99, 1.10) | 0.001 |
| Serum ALT (U/L) | 33.0 (22.0, 47.0) | 32.0 (22.0, 48.0) | 34.0 (22.7, 43.0) | 0.896 |
| Serum AST (U/L) | 37.0 (26.9, 54.0) | 37.0 (26.0, 56.0) | 35.0 (28.0, 51.0) | 0.625 |
| Serum bilirubin (μmol/L) | 15.2 (11.7, 19.5) | 14.5 (11.3, 19.2) | 16.5 (12.6, 20.00) | 0.002 |
| Serum ALP (IU/L) | 89.4 (68.0, 115.0) | 90.0 (68.0, 115.0) | 89.0 (67.0, 115.0) | 0.850 |
| Serum γ-GGT (IU/L) | 57.0 (32.0, 115.3) | 61.0 (33.0, 117.8) | 53.6 (31.00, 113.0) | 0.267 |
| Serum CR (mmol/L) | 78.0 (68.0, 89.0) | 77.4 (67.6, 89.0) | 77.4 (67.6, 89.0) | 0.719 |
| AFP (≥400/<400 (ng/mL)) | 177/397 (30.8%/69.1) | 110/273 (28.7/71.2) | 67/12 (35%/65.9%) | 0.126 |
| Cirrhosis (yes/no) | 189/385 (32.9%/69.0%) | 128/255 (33.4%/66.5%) | 61/130 (31.9%/68.0) | 0.778 |
| CSPH (yes/no) | 49/525 (8.5%/91.4%) | 31/352 (8%/91.9%) | 18/173 (9.4%/90.5%) | 0.635 |
| Positive HBsAg (yes/no) | 480/90 (83.6%/16.3%) | 317/66 (82.7%/17.2%) | 163/28 (85.3%/14.6%) | 0.240 |
| Tumour number (multiple/single) | 101/473 (17.5%/82.4%) | 75/308 (19.5%/80.4%) | 26/165 (13.6%/86.3%) | 0.082 |
| Ascites (yes/no) | 45/529 (7.8%/92.1%) | 28/355 (7.3%92.6%) | 17/174 (8.9%/91.0%) | 0.513 |
| Tumour size (cm) | 5.0 (2.8, 8.0) | 4.5 (2.5, 8.0) | 5.5 (3.1, 8.5) | 0.078 |
| Blood loss (mL) | 265 (100, 700) | 250 (100, 600) | 300 (100, 800) | 0.219 |
| Major hepatectomy (yes/no) | 210/364 (36.5%/63.4%) | 139/244 (36.2%/63.7%) | 71/120 (37.1%/62.8%) | 0.854 |
| Microvascular invasion (yes/no) | 190/384 (33.1%/66.8%) | 113/270 (29.5%/70.4%) | 79/112 (41.3%/58.6%) | 0.005 |
| PHLF (0/A vs. B/C) | 489/85 (85.1%/14.8%) | 324/59 (84.5%/15.4%) | 165/26 (86.3%/13.6%) | 0.619 |
| Child–Pugh grade (A/B) | 510/64 (88.8%/11.1%) | 340/43 (88.7%/11.2%) | 139/21 (89.0%/10.9%) | 0.560 |
| ALBI score | −2.41 ± 0.40 | −2.42 ± 0.42 | −2.39 ± 0.38 | 0.400 |
| MELD score | 5.58 (3.81, 7.42) | 5.61 (3.80, 7.38) | 5.52 (3.84, 7.47) | 0.582 |
| APRI score | 0.53 (0.32, 0.86) | 0.54 (0.32, 0.87) | 0.53 (0.32, 0.86) | 0.903 |
| PALBI score (≤−2.53/>2.53) | −2.98 (−3.21–2.68) 485/89 (84.4%/15.5%) |
−2.99 (−3.23–2.69) 328/55 (85.6%/14.3%) |
−2.94 (-3.17–2.64) 157/34 (82.1%/17.8%) |
0.151 |
| FIB-4 score (<1.45/≥1.45) | 0.65 (0.42 1.04) 499/75 (86.9%/13.0%) |
0.67 (0.43 1.05) 334/49 (87.2%/12.7%) |
0.61 (0.39 0.99) 165/26 (86.3%/13.6%) |
0.410 |
Abbreviations: INR, international normalised ratio; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; γ-GGT, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase; CR, creatinine; AFP, alpha fetoprotein; CSPH, clinically significant portal hypertension; HbsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen; PHLF, postoperative liver failure; ALBI, albumin-bilirubin; MELD, model for end-stage liver disease; APRI, aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index; PALBI, platelet-albumin-bilirubin; FIB-4, fibrosis-4 index.