Table 1.

SMART strategies

Strategy	Dimensions	Reflection Questions
Seek Help	Seeking information Requesting mediation Welcoming correction and alterative viewpoints	Where should I seek additional information or an objective opinion? Would it help to involve a mediator or third party? Do I welcome correction or input from others?
Manage your Emotions	Identifying emotions Managing emotions Both positive (excitement) and negative (depression, anxiety, anger) emotions	What are my emotional reactions to this situation? How are my emotions influencing my decision-making? Would taking a “time out” help?
Anticipate Consequences	Consequences to others and to self Long-term and short-term consequences Positive and negative consequences Risk management	What are the short- and long-term outcomes of various choices? How will this decision affect myself and others? How can risks be minimized and benefits be maximized?
Recognize Rules and Context	Recognize rules—formal (e.g., laws & policies) and informal (prevailing social norms) Recognize the power dynamics (e.g., social hierarchies, decision-makers)	What are the causes of this situation? What ethical principles, laws, or regulations apply in this situation? What factors place limitations on my choices?
Test your Assumptions and Motives	Test your assumptions and unspoken rules Examine your motives Empathically compare your assumptions and motives to those of others	Am I making faulty or hasty assumptions about the causes of the situation or other’s intentions? What are my motives? How will others view my choices?