Table 3.
Association of various domains of religiosity and spirituality with medication adherence
| Variables | Missed medications for <7 days (n=81) | Missed medications for more than 7 days (n=19) | Comparison statistics | Never/almost never took less than prescribed medications (n=83) | Sometimes-always took less than the prescribed dose (n=17) | Comparison statistics |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Religiousness measure scale | ||||||
| Religious involvement | 13.17 (5.16) | 9.89 (5.21) | 2.485 (0.015*) | 13.16 (5.03) | 9.52 (5.71) | 2.652 (0.009**) |
| Religious influence | 32.27 (10.82) | 25.10 (12.17) | 2.53 (0.013*) | 32.34 (10.75) | 23.88 (12.08) | 2.895 (0.005**) |
| Religious hope subscale | 30.06 (10.21) | 23.89 (12.54) | 2.46 (0.015*) | 30.75 (10.11) | 22.35 (12.44) | 2.997 (0.003**) |
| Total religiosity scores | 76.46 (25.41) | 58.89 (28.19) | 2.65 (0.009**) | 76.48 (25.49) | 55.76 (28.67) | 3.062 (0.003**) |
| DUREL | ||||||
| Religious attendance domain | 4.53 (1.77) | 3.78 (2.05) | 1.59 (0.114) | 4.50 (1.76) | 3.82 (2.09) | 1.40 (0.16) |
| Private religious activities | 4.37 (1.86) | 3.73 (2.05) | 1.31 (0.19) | 4.37 (1.82) | 3.64 (2.20) | 1.44 (0.15) |
| Intrinsic religiosity | 11.72 (4.13) | 10.15 (4.75) | 1.44 (0.15) | 11.84 (4.02) | 9.41 (5.01) | 2.173 (0.032*) |
| R-COPE | ||||||
| Total score of positive religious coping subscale | 15.38 (6.33) | 11.05 (6.69) | 2.652 (0.009**) | 15.20 (6.31) | 11.41 (7.22) | 2.201* (0.03) |
| Total score of negative religious coping subscale | 8.27 (6.48) | 8.47 (7.58) | −0.118 (0.90) | 8.22 (6.47) | 8.70 (7.77) | −0.26 (0.79) |
| WHOQOL-SRPB | ||||||
| Spiritual connection | 14.27 (5.31) | 10.21 (5.05) | 3.02 (0.003**) | 14.15 (5.39) | 10.29 (4.87) | 2.73 (0.007**) |
| Meaning and purpose in life | 14.54 (5.34) | 9.78 (4.56) | 3.58 (0.001***) | 14.48 (5.32) | 9.52 (4.55) | 3.57 (0.001***) |
| Experiences of awe and wonder | 14.67 (5.46) | 10.15 (4.78) | 3.31 (0.001***) | 14.66 (5.40) | 9.70 (4.85) | 3.50 (0.001***) |
| Wholeness and integration | 14.24 (5.05) | 9.73 (4.42) | 3.57 (0.001***) | 14.24 (4.99) | 9.23 (4.39) | 3.83 (<0.001***) |
| Spiritual strength | 14.33 (5.55) | 10.42 (4.83) | 2.82 (0.006**) | 14.37 (5.43) | 9.76 (5.04) | 3.22 (0.002**) |
| Inner peace | 14.32 (5.40) | 9.94 (4.49) | 3.27 (0.001***) | 14.33 (5.31) | 9.35 (4.49) | 3.60 (<0.001***) |
| Hope and optimism | 14.38 (5.39) | 10.10 (4.99) | 3.15 (0.002**) | 14.37 (5.32) | 9.64 (5.09) | 3.35 (0.001***) |
| Faith | 14.48 (5.40) | 10.36 (5.02) | 3.02 (0.003**) | 14.54 (5.25) | 9.58 (5.23) | 3.54 (0.001***) |
WHOQOL-SRPB – World Health Organization Quality of Life Spirituality, Religiosity, and Personal Beliefs; DUREL – Duke Religion Index. *P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001