Fig. 9. Schematic illustration of the proposed strategy for bacterial diagnosis and therapy by H₂O₂-responsive MOF-assisted in vivo metabolic labeling of bacteria. (A) d-AzAla@MIL-100 (Fe) NPs are synthesized using Pluronic F-127 as a matrix to encapsulate the d-AzAla-loaded MIL-100 (Fe). (B) d-AzAla@MIL-100 (Fe) NPs accumulate at the site of the infected tissue and are decomposed in the presence of H₂O₂. The invading bacteria internalize these released d-AzAla and express azide groups on their cell walls. (C) Ultrasmall US-TPETM NPs with dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO) groups bind with bacteria through click reaction, and specific tracking and effective photodynamic therapy (PDT) of bacteria can be achieved in the infected tissue. Reprinted from ref. 50. Copyright 2018 Wiley.