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. 2021 Jun 19;27:e932962-1–e932962-11. doi: 10.12659/MSM.932962

Figure 2. Neuroinflammation in the CNS.

Figure 2

A. Hypoxia. Inadequate oxygen supply to the brain leads to ATP crisis and exacerbated inflammatory state. B. Demyelination. A leaky BBB allows the entrance of virus and peripheral lymphocytes into the CNS, resulting in activation of microglia. Reactivated microglia release inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6), contributing to demyelination and neuron death. C. Oligodendrocyte apoptosis. Infiltrating neutrophils adversely impact neuronal function by inducing oligodendrocyte apoptosis. (Created with BioRender.com).