Table 1.
Sociodemographics, clinical and treatment characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma patients with portal vein thrombosis undergoing any surgical management versus no surgery
| No Surgery n = 186 N (%) | Any Surgical Management n = 21 N (%) | Uni-variate p-value | Multi-variate OR | Multi-variate p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years (mean ± SD) | 61.2 (±8.46) | 55.2 (±9.38) | 0.002 | 0.75 | 0.008 | |
| Gender | Female | 35 (18.8) | 3 (14.3) | 0.611 | Ref | 0.525 |
| Male | 151 (81.2) | 18 (85.7) | 0.37 | |||
| Race* | White | 68 (42.5) | 11 (55.0) | 0.143 | Ref | 0.290 |
| Black | 75 (46.9) | 5 (25.0) | 4.75 | 0.261 | ||
| Asian | 17 (10.6) | 4 (20.0) | 10.3 | 0.623 | ||
| Hispanic Ethnicity | 30 (16.1) | 3 (14.3) | 1.00 | 1.27 | 0.915 | |
| Income (median, IQR) | 46,300 (36,900, 62,300) | 47,000 (42,600, 66,000) | 0.832 | 1.00 | 0.535 | |
| Insurance* | Private | 45 (26.3) | 7 (35.0) | 0.610 | Ref | 0.618 |
| Medicare/Medicaid | 90 (52.6) | 11 (55.0) | 0.39 | 0.523 | ||
| Hospital Card | 6 (3.5) | 0 (0) | -- | -- | ||
| Uninsured | 30 (17.5) | 2 (10.0) | -- | -- | ||
| BMI (mean ± SD) | 26.2 (±7.46) | 26.0 (±4.16) | 0.870 | 1.13 | 0.277 | |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index | 0 | 32 (26.4) | 7 (35.0) | 0.410 | Ref | 0.801 |
| 1 | 42 (34.7) | 4 (19.0) | 0.38 | 0.498 | ||
| 2 | 25 (20.7) | 6 (28.6) | 0.41 | 0.658 | ||
| ≥ 3 | 22 (18.2) | 3 (14.3) | 6.1 | 0.329 | ||
| Functional Status* | Independent | 137 (78.7) | 21 (100.0) | 0.064 | -- | -- |
| Partially Dependent | 32 (18.4) | 0 (0) | -- | -- | ||
| Totally Dependent | 5 (2.9) | 0 (0) | -- | -- | ||
| Hepatology visit within 1 year of Dx | 28 (15.1) | 11 (52.4) | <0.001 | 27.6 | 0.029 | |
| Treated at academic center | 96 (51.6) | 10 (47.6) | 0.729 | 0.83 | 0.897 | |
| Presented at tumor board | 85 (46.4) | 13 (61.9) | 0.159 | 8.86 | 0.083 | |
| Hepatitis | 143 (83.1) | 17 (81.0) | 0.802 | 1.95 | 0.750 | |
| Cirrhosis | 150 (87.2) | 17 (81.0) | 0.428 | 0.01 | 0.095 | |
| Radiologic Tumor Size, cm (median, IQR) | 7.9 (4.8,11.8) | 4.5 (3.0,10.0) | 0.153 | 0.80 | 0.315 | |
| Solitary tumor (vs. > 1 tumor) | 71 (38.2) | 12 (57.1) | 0.093 | 5.60 | 0.245 | |
| AFP, ng/dL (median, IQR) | 1100 (62, 7900) | 30.3 (9.0, 307) | 0.027 | 1.00 | 0.930 | |
| MELD Score (mean ± SD) | 13.5 (±6.70) | 10.3 (±3.35) | 0.030 | 0.55 | 0.031 | |
| Child-Pugh Class | A | 67 (36.4) | 12 (57.1) | 0.171 | Ref | 0.377 |
| B | 85 (46.2) | 6 (28.6) | 0.45 | 0.602 | ||
| C | 32 (17.4) | 3 (14.3) | 9.41 | 0.389 | ||
| Any Liver-Directed Therapy | 59 (31.7) | 11 (52.4)§ | 0.058 | 0.22 | 0.405 | |
| RFA* | 2 (1.1) | 3 (14.3) | <0.001 | -- | -- | |
| TACE | 35 (18.8) | 7 (38.1) | 0.039 | 5.03 | 0.192 | |
| Y90* | 31 (17.0) | 2 (10.0) | 0.397 | -- | -- | |
| Targeted Systemic Therapy° | 68 (36.6) | 7 (33.3) | 0.771 | 0.11 | 0.113 | |
OR=Odds Ratio, SD=Standard deviation, IQR=Interquartile Range, BMI=Body Mass Index, Dx=Diagnosis, AFP=Alpha fetoprotein, MELD=Model of End Organ Dysfunction, RFA=Radiofrequency ablation, TACE=transarterial chemoembolization, Y90=Yttrium-90;
*
Covariates with fewer than 3 patients not included in multivariate analysis;
°
Sorafenib or Regorafenib;
§
All liver-directed therapy in the ASM cohort was utilized prior to surgery (i.e., neoadjuvant setting)