A total of 44 SMGs identified in the 37 AKs. (a) Venn diagram showing the overlap of numbers of SMGs as assessed by MutsigCV, OncodriveFM, and OncodriveCLUST. (b) Mutation OncoPrint of the 44 SMGs identified by at least two of the three methods, with CNA integrated and overall alteration frequency indicated with percentage bars. (c) Pie chart of the mutational signature contribution to 44 SMG mutations. (d) Lollipop plot of PIK3CA showing the distribution of mutation in AK and cSCC cohorts. aa, amino acid; AK, actinic keratosis; CNA, copy number aberration; cSCC, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma; IC, immunocompetent; IS, immunosuppressed; LOH, loss of heterozygosity; PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase; SMG, significantly mutated gene.