Expression profiles of genes significantly gained (red) or deleted (black) in AK. (a) Expression heatmap of significantly gained, upregulated genes (n = 2, red) and deleted, downregulated genes (n = 52, black) in the AK versus those in the normal skin that were also expressed across normal skin, AK, and in situ and invasive cSCC samples from the GSE42677. (b) Venn diagram of overlap across the five gene expression datasets of significantly deleted and downregulated genes in AK versus those in the normal skin. (c) LogFC of significant genes with the same direction in 2 of 5 datasets in pairwise comparisons of AK with normal skin across the five datasets (Lambert, GSE42677, GSE84293, GSE2503, and GSE32628). The blue color indicates the downregulation in AK compared with that in the normal skin, and the red color indicates the upregulation in AK relative to that in the normal skin. AK, actinic keratosis; cSCC, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma; LogFC, Log2 fold change.