Table 4.
Use of IONPs in vaccine formulation.
| Nano-formulation | Tumor model | Effects |
|---|---|---|
| Ovalbumin@Fe3O4 (129) | Murine melanoma OVA-expressing B16 | Bone marrow-derived DC maturation |
| Therapeutic and prophylactic inhibition of tumor growth | ||
| Therapeutic and prophylactic attenuation of lung metastasis | ||
| OVA@Fe3O4 (130) | Murine colon carcinoma OVA-expressing CT26 | Murine dendritic cell (DC2.4) and macrophage (RAW 264.7) activation (increased IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ) |
| Therapeutic anti-tumor effect (reduced CT26 tumor growth and increased serum IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-γ) | ||
| OVA/CpG/anti-DEC205 Ab@Fe2O3 (135) | Murine melanoma OVA-expressing B16 | In vivo targeting of CD8+ DCs |
| In vivo B16 tumor arrest | ||
| Hsp70@SPION (136) | Murine C6 glioma | DCs, tumor lysate and Hsp70@SPION co-treatment arrests glioma tumor growth |
| MUC1 Lipoglycopeptide@SPION (131) | MCF7 | Multivalent engagement of antibody-producing B cells. |
| Generation of a strong antibody response in vivo. | ||
| Tumor cell recognition and cell death by immunized sera. | ||
| Co-delivery of micellar OVA@phospholipid-PEG-IONP & LOS@ phospholipid-PEG-IONP (137) | OVA-expressing B16-F10 | Increased IL-6 and reduced LOS cytotoxicity |
| Prophylactic anti-tumor effect & synergetic effect with PD-L1 inhibitor | ||
| Co-delivery of polyIC-R837@mZnSPION & OVA@mZnSPION (93) | OVA-expressing B16-F10 | Micellar ZnSPION enhances TLR3/7 agonist effects |
| Prophylactic and therapeutic anti-tumor effect & synergetic effect with PD-L1 inhibitor | ||
| Co-delivery of polyIC-R837@mPEG-PL-OA-IONP & OVA@mPEG-PL-OA-IONP (134) | OVA-expressing B16-F10 | Enhances TLR agonist effects on DCs |
| Improves the tumor-free rate over time | ||
| Synergistic effects with immunostimulatory antibodies (anti-OX40 & anti-PD-L1) |