Table 1.
Baseline characteristics including levels of GDF-15 in ICH cases and controls.
| All | Controls | Cases | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 464 | 244 | 220 | |
| Age (year, mean ± SD) | 62 ± 7 | 62 ± 7 | 62 ± 7 | 0.88 |
| Men [n (%)] | 224 (48) | 119 (49) | 105 (48) | 0.82 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg, mean ± SD) | 149 ± 21 | 146 ± 21 | 153 ± 20 | 0.0012 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg, mean ± SD) | 88 ± 11 | 87 ± 11 | 90 ± 11 | 0.0028 |
| Blood pressure medication [n (%)] | 111 (24) | 55 (23) | 56 (25) | 0.46 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2, mean ± SD) | 25.9 ± 17.9 | 25.8 ± 3.9 | 26.0 ± 4.2 | 0.56 |
| Diabetes mellitus [n (%)] | 28 (6.0) | 14 (5.7) | 14 (6.4) | 0.78 |
| Smoking [n (%)] | 119 (26) | 49 (20) | 70 (32) | 0.004 |
| High alcohol consumption* [n (%)] | 20 (4.3) | 6 (2.5) | 14 (6.4) | 0.039 |
| Use of warfarin [n (%)] | 10 (2.2) | 2 (0.8) | 8 (3.6) | 0.037 |
| GDF-15+, mean ± SD (log2 transformed) | 8.07 (0.78) | 7.94 (0.77) | 8.20 (0.77) | 0.0003 |
| GDF-15+ (median interquartile range) | 263 (176–370) | 236 (165–399) | 298 (205–417) | 0.0001** |
GDF, growth differentiation factor 15.
*
>40 g/day for men and >30 g/day for women.
+
Normalized protein expression (NPX) values.
P-values for cases vs. controls were calculated using ANOVA or Pearson χ2.
**
Mann-Whitney U test used due to skewed distribution of GDF15 values.