Table 2.
Baseline characteristics including levels of GDF-15 in SAH cases and controls.
| All | Controls | Cases | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 340 | 261 | 79 | |
| Age (year, mean ± SD) | 58 ± 8 | 58 ± 8 | 58 ± 8 | 0.72 |
| Men [n (%)] | 90 (26) | 68 (26) | 22 (28) | 0.75 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg, mean ± SD) | 139 ± 19 | 138 ± 19 | 143 ± 18 | 0.020 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg, mean ± SD) | 85 ± 9.5 | 84 ± 9.5 | 87 ± 9.0 | 0.0090 |
| Blood pressure medication [n (%)] | 50 (15) | 34 (13) | 16 (20) | 0.11 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2, mean ± SD) | 25.0 ± 3.8 | 25.0 ± 3.6 | 24.7 ± 4.3 | 0.54 |
| Diabetes mellitus [n (%)] | 8 (2.4) | 5 (1.9) | 3 (3.8) | 0.33 |
| Smoking [n (%)] | 111 (33) | 71 (27.0) | 40 (51) | <0.0001 |
| High alcohol consumption* [n (%)] | 12 (3.5) | 11 (4.1) | 1 (1.3) | 0.21 |
| Use of warfarin [n (%)] | 3 (1.0) | 1 (0.4) | 2 (2.5) | 0.074 |
| GDF-15+ [mean ± SD (log2 transformed)] | 9.61 ± 0.59 | 9.53 ± 0.55 | 9.85 ± 0.65 | 0.00003 |
| GDF-15+ (median interquartile range) | 739 (416) | 724 (376) | 942 (518) | 0.0001** |
GDF, growth differentiation factor 15.
*
>40 g/day for men and >30 g/day for women.
+
Normalized protein expression (NPX) values.
P-values for cases vs. controls were calculated using ANOVA or Pearson χ2.
**
Mann-Whitney U test used due to skewed distribution of GDF15 values.