Table 4.
Association between GDF-15 and risk of SAH.
| Quartiles of GDF15 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | P for trend | GDF-15 per 1 unit | P values | |
| N (all) | 88 | 83 | 85 | 84 | |||
| n (SAH cases) | 12 | 15 | 20 | 32 | |||
| GDF15+ [mean (range)] | 8.93 (8.52–9.18) | 9.38 (9.19–9.53) | 9.75 (9.54–9.96) | 10.39 (9.97–12.13) | |||
| Age- and sex-adjusted OR (95% CI) | 1 | 1.48 (0.64–3.43) | 2.21 (0.97–5.01) | 4.90 (2.15–11.1) | 7.5 × 10−5 | 2.76 (1.70–4.50) | 4.3 × 10−5 |
| Multivariable-adjusted OR* (95% CI) | 1 | 1.21 (0.51–2.87) | 1.77 (0.76–4.13) | 3.23 (1.34–7.76) | 0.0054 | 2.16 (1.29–3.59) | 0.0032 |
CI, confidence interval; SAH, subarachnoid hemorrhage; OR, odds ratio; GDF-15, growth differentiation factor 15.
*
Adjusted for systolic blood pressure, blood pressure medication, current smoking, diabetes mellitus, body mass index, high alcohol intake, and use of warfarin.
+
Normalized protein expression (NPX) values on Log2 scale.