Table 1.
Sex differences in neonatal, pediatric, and adult lung disease prevalence
| Disease | Population | Sex differences | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Asthma | children | Boys > girls | (Newcomb 2016; Carey et al. 2007a; Akinbami et al. 2012) |
| adults | Women > men | ||
| Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) | neonates | Boys > girls | (Townsel et al. 2017; Bancalari and Jobe 2012; Gortner et al. 2013) |
| Chronic Bronchitis | adults | Women > men | (Aryal et al. 2014) |
| Chronic Cough | children | Boys > girls | (Benscoter 2018) |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | adults | Women > men | (Jenkins et al. 2017; Akinbami and Liu 2011) |
| Cystic Fibrosis | children | Girls > boys* | (Vidaillac et al. 2018; Harness-Brumley et al. 2014) |
| adults | Women > men | ||
| Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) | adults | Men > women | (Scully et al. 2020) |
| Emphysema | adults | Men > women | (Martinez et al. 2007) |
| Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis | adults | Men > women | (Zaman et al. 2020; Raghu et al. 2006) |
| Lung cancer | adults | Women > men | (Stabile and Siegfried 2003; Radkiewicz et al. 2019) |
| adults | Women > men | (Xu et al. 2020) | |
| Pulmonary arterial hypertension | adults | Women > men | (Mehari et al. 2014) |
| Obstructive Sleep Apnea | adults | Men > women | (Lin et al. 2008; Nevšímalová 2019) |
| Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) | neonates | Boys> girls | (Townsel et al. 2017; Bancalari and Jobe 2012; Gortner et al. 2013) |
| Respiratory syncytial virus infection (RSV) | neonates/children | Boys> girls | (Nair et al. 2010) |
*
infection rates and outcomes worse in girls than boys, but no sex differences in incidence