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. 2021 Apr 30;129(1):98–113. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.120.318402

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© 2021 The Authors.

Circulation Research is published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited, the use is noncommercial, and no modifications or adaptations are made.

This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic or until permissions are revoked in writing. Upon expiration of these permissions, PMC is granted a perpetual license to make this article available via PMC and Europe PMC, consistent with existing copyright protections.

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Figure 4. — Glucose-induced delayed afterdepolarizations are CaMKIIδ (Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II)-S280 O-GlcNAcylation dependent. A and B, Delayed afterdepolarizations (DADs) and spontaneous action potentials (sAPs) were increased by high-glucose treatment in control (n=21 cells from 13 animals), the increases were prevented in CaMKIIδ-S280A (n=23 cells from 12 animals). Nested t test. C and D, Glucose-induced spontaneous diastolic activities were prevented by EGTA, OSMI-1 (αR-[[(1,2-dihydro-2-oxo-6-quinolinyl)sulfonyl]amino]-N-(2-furanylmethyl)-2-methoxy-N-(2-thienylmethyl)-benzeneacetamide), and in CaMKIIδ cardiac-specific knockout (cKO) and S280A. Additional Ang II (angiotensin II) treatment further enhanced the arrhythmogenic activities, which were prevented in NOX2^−/− (NADPH oxidase 2) and CaMKIIδ-cKO and mutated Met281Val and Met282Val (MMVV; n=total number of cells/animals is reported in the figure). Nested 1-way ANOVA, followed by Dunnett multiple comparisons test was used to compare 3 groups. Nested t test was used to compare 2 groups (EGTA, OSMI, Thm-G). WT indicates wild type.