Table 3.
Second electrocardiographic findings of COVID-19 patients
| Variable |
Alive
(n=218) |
Dead
(n=110) |
Total
(n=328) |
P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sinus tachycardia | ||||
| No | 165 (75.7) | 63 (57.3) | 228 (69.5) | 0.001 |
| Yes | 53 (24.3) | 47 (42.7) | 100 (30.5) | |
| Sinus bradycardia | ||||
| No | 188 (86.2) | 105 (95.5) | 293 (89.3) | 0.011 |
| Yes | 30 (13.8) | 5 (4.5) | 35 (10.7) | |
| Supraventricular arrhythmia* | ||||
| No | 203 (93.1) | 86 (78.2) | 289 (88.1) | <0.001 |
| Yes | 15 (6.9) | 24 (21.8) | 39 (11.9) | |
| Ventricular arrhythmia # | ||||
| No | 213 (97.7) | 104 (94.5) | 317 (96.6) | 0.191 |
| Yes | 5 (2.3) | 6 (5.5) | 11 (3.4) | |
| RBBB | ||||
| No | 208 (95.4) | 103 (93.6) | 311 (94.8) | 0.493 |
| Yes | 10 (4.6) | 7 (6.4) | 17 (5.2) | |
| LBBB | ||||
| No | 209 (95.9) | 102 (92.7) | 311 (94.8) | 0.225 |
| Yes | 9 (4.1) | 8 (7.3) | 17 (5.2) | |
| Incomplete RBBB | ||||
| No | 215 (98.6) | 109 (99.1) | 324 (98.8) | 0.716 |
| Yes | 3 (1.4) | 1 (0.9) | 4 (1.2) | |
| Incomplete LBBB | ||||
| No | 214 (98.2) | 108 (98.2) | 322 (98.2) | >0.999 |
| Yes | 4 (1.8) | 2 (1.8) | 6 (1.8) | |
| Left anterior hemi-block | ||||
| No | 194 (89.0) | 97 (88.2) | 291 (88.7) | 0.827 |
| Yes | 24 (11.0) | 13 (11.8) | 37 (11.3) | |
| Left posterior hemi-block | ||||
| No | 218 (100.0) | 108 (98.2) | 326 (99.4) | 0.112 |
| Yes | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.8) | 2 (0.6) | |
| IVCD | ||||
| No | 215 (98.6) | 104 (94.5) | 319 (97.3) | 0.065 |
| Yes | 3 (1.4) | 6 (5.5) | 9 (2.7) | |
| Bifascicular block | ||||
| No | 186 (84.9) | 90 (81.8) | 276 (83.9) | 0.469 |
| Yes | 33 (15.1) | 20 (18.2) | 53 (16.1) | |
| Abnormal R wave progression | ||||
| No | 208 (95.4) | 99 (90.0) | 307 (93.6) | 0.059 |
| Yes | 10 (4.6) | 11 (10.0) | 21 (6.4) | |
| Q wave in precordial leads | ||||
| No | 206 (94.5) | 106 (96.4) | 312 (95.1) | 0.458 |
| Yes | 12 (5.5) | 4 (3.6) | 16 (4.9) | |
| Prolonged QT interval | ||||
| No | 171 (79.2) | 87 (81.3) | 258 (79.9) | 0.651 |
| Yes | 45 (20.8) | 20 (18.7) | 65 (20.1) | |
| ST segment | ||||
| Normal | 163 (74.8) | 70 (63.6) | 233 (71.0) | 0.037 |
| Elevation | 15 (6.9) | 6 (5.5) | 21 (6.4) | |
| Depression | 40 (18.3) | 34 (30.9) | 74 (22.6) | |
| Abnormal T wave | ||||
| No | 162 (74.3) | 64 (58.2) | 226 (68.9) | 0.003 |
| Yes | 56 (25.7) | 46 (41.8) | 102 (31.1) |
IVCD: Interventricular conduction delay; LBBB: Left bundle branch block; RBBB: Right bundle branch block; SD: Standard deviation.
*, Supraventricular arrhythmia includes atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, premature atrial contraction, atrial tachycardia, and multifocal atrial tachycardia.
#, Ventricular arrhythmia includes premature ventricular contraction, and ventricular tachycardia.