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. 2021 Jun 23;7(26):eabg4511. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abg4511

Table 2. The aerosol particle concentration and volumetric flow rate at the outlets of different musical instruments.

Instrument Concentration Volumetric
flow rate
Bell radius
(particles/liter) (liter/min) (m)
Tuba 18 101 0.25
Bassoon 40 42 0.02
Flute 45 11 0.01
Flautist 45 26 0.005
French horn 90 36 0.15
Clarinet 200 20 0.03
Trombone 300 47 0.11
Oboe 400 9 0.025
Trumpet 2500 28 0.06