Table 1.
Characteristics of the study population per care model.
| Societal perspective (including informal care) |
Healthcare perspective (without informal care) |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CM1 n = 1331 | CM2 n = 311 | CM3 n = 418 | Total N = 2060 | P-value | CM1 n = 1716 | CM2 n = 311 | CM3 n = 439 | CM4 n = 87 | Total N = 2553 | P-value | |
| Number of organizations | 6 | 3 | 9 | 18 | – | 15 | 3 | 10 | 6 | 34 | – |
| Country (n, %) | IT 499 (37%) NL 111 (8%) IS 420 (32%) FI 301 (23%) |
NL 156 (50%) FI 155 (50%) |
GE 418 (100%) | IT 499 (24%) NL 267 (13%) IS 420 (21%) FI 456 (22%) GE 418 (20%) |
– | IT 499 (29%) NL 111 (6%) BE 385 (22%) IS 420 (24%) FI 301 (18%) |
NL 156 (50%) FI 155 (50%) |
BE 21 (5%) GE 418 (95%) |
BE 87 (100%) | IT 499 (20%) NL 267 (10%) BE 493 (19%) IS 420 (16%) FI 456 (18%) GE 418 (16%) |
– |
| Mean age (SD) | 82.7 (7.5) | 82.4 (7.2) | 83.5 (7.7) | 82.8 (7.5) | .07 | 82.7 (7.3) | 82.4 (7.2) | 83.5 (7.6) | 82.2 (7.3) | 82.8 (7.3) | .10 |
| Female (n, %) | 874 (66%) | 209 (67%) | 295 (71%) | 1378 (67%) | .18 | 1125 (66%) | 209 (67%) | 311 (71%) | 59 (69%) | 1704 (67%) | .22 |
| Living alone (n, %) | 675 (51%) | 225 (73%) | 310 (74%) | 1210 (59%) | <.01 | 844 (49%) | 225 (72%) | 325 (74%) | 53 (61%) | 1447 (57%) | <.01 |
| Cognitive impairment (CPS ⩾ 3) (n, %) | 255 (19%) | 17 (6%) | 117 (28%) | 389 (19%) | <.01 | 323 (19%) | 17 (6%) | 118 (27%) | 12 (14%) | 470 (19%) | <.01 |
| Depressive symptoms (DRS ⩾ 3) (n, %) | 159 (12%) | 49 (16%) | 82 (20%) | 290 (14%) | <.01 | 234 (14%) | 49 (16%) | 87 (20%) | 10 (12%) | 380 (15%) | <.01 |
| Mean ADLH score (SD) | 1.9 (2.1) | 0.6 (1.3) | 2.2 (1.8) | 1.7 (2.0) | <.01 | 2.2 (2.0) | 0.6 (1.3) | 2.3 (1.8) | 2.6 (1.4) | 2.0 (1.9) | <.01 |
| Mean iADLH score (SD) | 30.6 (14.1) | 23.0 (12.4) | 29.1 (15.0) | 29.2 (14.3) | <.01 | 31.5 (13.5) | 23.0 (12.4) | 29.3 (14.8) | 30.0 (11.9) | 30.1 (13.8) | <.01 |
| CHESS (SD) | 1.2 (1.1) | 0.8 (0.9) | 0.6 (0.9) | 1.0 (1.1) | <.01 | 1.1 (1.1) | 0.8 (0.9) | 0.6 (0.9) | 0.8 (1.0) | 0.9 (1.1) | <.01 |
| Informal caregiver expresses feelings of distress, anger or depression (n, %) | 227 (18%) | 27 (10%) | 24 (10%) | 278 (15%) | <.01 | 277 (17%) | 27 (10%) | 25 (10%) | 6 (8%) | 335 (15%) | <.01 |
| Mean number of hours home care per week at baseline (SE) | 2.2 (0.1) | 4.4 (0.3) | 6.8 (0.3) | 3.5 (0.1) | <.01 | 3.3 (0.1) | 4.4 (0.3) | 6.9 (0.3) | 4.6 (0.5) | 4.1 (0.1) | <.01 |
| Mean number of hours informal care per week at baseline (SE) | 30.4 (1.1) | 16.4 (1.9) | 11.5 (1.3) | 24.5 (0.8) | <.01 | – | – | – | – | – | |
Abbreviations: ADLH, Activities of Daily Living Hierarchy Scale; CHESS, Changes in Health, End-Stage Disease, Signs, and Symptoms Scale; CM, care model; CPS, Cognitive Performance Scale; DRS, Depressive Rating Scale; FI, Finland; GE, Germany; iADLH, instrumental ADL Performance Scale; IS, Iceland; IT, Italy; NL, Netherlands.