Table 2.
Socio-demographic, child and parental factors with acute diarrhea among under-five children in Ethiopia.
| Variables | Category | Diarrhea | Unadjusted OR (95%CI) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | ||||
| Child factors | |||||
| Sex | Male | 132 | 833 | 1 | |
| Female | 125 | 885 | 0.89 (0.68-1.16) | .390 | |
| Child’s age (months) | 0-12 | 63 | 400 | 1 | |
| 13-24 | 105 | 408 | 1.63 (1.16-2.29)* | .005 | |
| ⩾25 | 89 | 910 | 0.62 (0.44-0.87)* | .007 | |
| Number of under five children | 0-1 | 130 | 871 | 1 | |
| 2-3 | 124 | 824 | 1.01 (0.77-1.31) | .951 | |
| >3 | 3 | 23 | 0.87 (0.26-2.95) | .828 | |
| Currently breastfeeding | Yes | 171 | 729 | 1.75 (1.34-2.28)** | P < .001 |
| No | 86 | 989 | 1 | ||
| Measles vaccination | Vaccinated | 128 | 1,081 | 1 | |
| Unvaccinated | 123 | 502 | 2.07 (1.58-2.71)* | P < .001 | |
| Birth interval (months) | ⩽24 | 33 | 245 | 1 | |
| >24 | 156 | 886 | 1.31 (0.87-1.95) | .191 | |
| Size of the child at birth | Very large | 67 | 318 | 0.97 (0.64-1.47) | .895 |
| Larger than average | 16 | 269 | 0.27 (0.15-0.49)* | P < .001 | |
| Average | 116 | 800 | 0.67 (0.46-0.97)* | .034 | |
| Smaller than average | 9 | 108 | 0.38 (0.18-0.81)* | .013 | |
| Very small | 47 | 217 | 1 | ||
| Parental factors | |||||
| Age of the mother (years) | ⩽24 | 72 | 419 | 1 | |
| 25-34 | 139 | 997 | 0.81 (0.59-1.10) | .181 | |
| ⩾35 | 46 | 302 | 0.88 (0.59-1.32) | .553 | |
| Mother employment status | Not working | 148 | 1,027 | 0.92 (0.71-1.20) | .561 |
| Working | 107 | 686 | 1 | ||
| Mother education | No education | 101 | 526 | 1.22 (0.89-1.66) | .205 |
| Primary | 89 | 566 | 0.73 (0.50-1.06) | .096 | |
| Secondary | 49 | 427 | 0.57 (0.34-0.98) | .041 | |
| Higher | 18 | 199 | 1 | ||
| Media exposure/watching TV/ | Yes | 161 | 1,258 | 1 | |
| No | 96 | 460 | 1.63 (1.24-2.14)* | P < 001 | |
| Paternal education | No education | 47 | 322 | 1.41 (0.84-2.27) | .153 |
| Primary | 92 | 513 | 1.73 (1.13-2.66)* | .011 | |
| Secondary | 80 | 517 | 1.49 (0.97-2.31) | .067 | |
| Higher | 32 | 310 | 1 | ||
| Parental occupation | Not working | 8 | 71 | 0.85 (0.18-0.86) | .669 |
| Working in agriculture | 64 | 225 | 2.14 (1.56-2.94)* | P < .001 | |
| Working in non-agriculture | 182 | 1,372 | 1 | ||
| Household factors | |||||
| Place of residence | Urban | 174 | 1,397 | 1 | |
| Rural | 83 | 321 | 2.07 (1.55-2.77)* | P < .001 | |
| Type of floor of the house | Cement made | 149 | 1,293 | 1 | |
| Sand/Earth and others | 107 | 417 | 2.23 (1.69-2.92)* | P < .001 | |
| Household size | 1-4 | 91 | 612 | 1 | |
| ⩾5 | 166 | 1,106 | 1.01 (0.76-1.32) | .947 | |
| Access to electricity | Yes | 178 | 1,404 | 1 | |
| No | 79 | 318 | 1.98 (1.48-2.66)* | P < .001 | |
| Type of fuel used | Modern | 64 | 513 | 1 | |
| Traditional | 192 | 1,205 | 1.28 (0.94-1.73) | .111 | |
| Time to get to water source | On the premises | 111 | 1,024 | 1 | |
| 0-30 min | 95 | 491 | 1.78 (1.33-2.39)* | P < .001 | |
| >30 min | 45 | 202 | 2.05 (1.41-2.99)* | P < .001 | |
| Wealth quintiles | Poor | 16 | 46 | 2.51 (1.39-4.50)* | .002 |
| Middle | 17 | 57 | 2.15 (1.22-3.76)* | .007 | |
| Rich | 224 | 1,615 | 1 | ||
| Region | Agrarian | 109 | 480 | 2.14 (1.61-2.86)* | P < .001 |
| Pastoralist | 38 | 198 | 1.81 (1.21-2.70)* | .003 | |
| City | 110 | 1,040 | 1 | ||