TABLE 2.
Deaths of Despair Among Healthcare Workers According to Age, Sex, Race/Ethnicity, and Education, Massachusetts, 2011 to 2015
| All Deaths of Despair | Poisoning | Suicide | Alcoholic Liver Disease and Cirrhosis | Opioid-Related Deaths | ||||||
| Deaths (n [%]) | Deaths Per 100,000 (95% CI) | Deaths (n [%]) | Deaths per 100,000 (95% CI) | Deaths (n [%]) | Deaths Per 100,000 (95% CI) | Deaths (n [%]) | Deaths Per 100,000 (95% CI) | Deaths (n [%]) | Deaths per 100,000 (95% CI) | |
| Age group | ||||||||||
| 16–24 | 17 (3.6) | 12.2 (6.4, 18.0) | 11 (4.4) | 7.9 (3.2, 12.6) | 6 (4.8) | 4.3 (0.9, 7.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) | 12 (5.2) | 8.6 (3.7, 13.5) |
| 25–34 | 80 (16.9) | 20.8 (16.3, 25.4) | 55 (22.0) | 14.3 (10.5, 18.1) | 21 (16.7) | 5.5 (3.1, 7.8) | [1] | [1] | 54 (23.3) | 14.1 (10.3, 17.8) |
| 35–44 | 107 (22.6) | 31.3 (25.4, 37.2) | 70 (28.0) | 20.5 (15.7, 25.3) | 28 (22.2) | 8.2 (5.2, 11.2) | 9 (9.2) | 2.6 (0.9, 4.4) | 62 (26.7) | 18.1 (13.6, 22.7) |
| 45–54 | 143 (30.2) | 38.3 (32.1, 44.6) | 69 (27.6) | 18.5 (14.1, 22.9) | 39 (31.0) | 10.5 (7.2, 13.7) | 35 (35.7) | 9.4 (6.3, 12.5) | 65 (28.0) | 17.4 (13.2, 21.7) |
| 55–64 | 127 (26.8) | 39.7 (32.8, 46.6) | 45 (18.0) | 14.1 (9.9, 18.2) | 32 (25.4) | 10.0 (6.5, 13.5) | 50 (51.0) | 15.6 (11.3, 19.9) | 39 (16.8) | 12.2 (8.4, 16.0) |
| Sex | ||||||||||
| Female | 390 (82.3) | 31.1 (28.0, 34.2) | 212 (84.8) | 16.9 (14.6, 19.2) | 95 (75.4) | 7.6 (6.0, 9.1) | 83 (84.7) | 6.6 (5.2, 8.0) | 196 (84.5) | 15.6 (13.4, 17.8) |
| Male | 84 (17.7) | 27.7 (21.8, 33.6) | 38 (15.2) | 12.5 (8.5, 16.5) | 31 (24.6) | 10.2 (6.6, 13.8) | 15 (15.3) | 4.9 (2.4, 7.5) | 36 (15.5) | 11.9 (8.0, 15.8) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||||||
| Asian, non-Hispanic | [1] | [1] | 0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) | [1] | [1] | 0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) | [1] | [1] |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 23 (4.9) | 12.7 (7.5, 17.9) | 19 (7.6) | 10.5 (5.8, 15.2) | [1] | [1] | [1] | [1] | 16 (6.9) | 8.8 (4.5, 13.1) |
| Hispanic, all races | 22 (4.6) | 19.3 (11.2, 27.3) | 9 (3.6) | 7.9 (2.7, 13.0) | [1] | [1] | 9 (9.2) | 7.9 (2.7, 13.0) | 7 (3.0) | 6.1 (1.6, 10.7) |
| Other or unknown | 8 (1.7) | 25.9 (8.0, 43.9) | 6 (2.4) | 19.4 (3.9, 35.0) | [1] | [1] | 0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) | 6 (2.6) | 19.4 (3.9, 35.0) |
| White, non-Hispanic | 418 (88.2) | 36.6 (33.1, 40.1) | 216 (86.4) | 18.9 (16.4, 21.4) | 116 (92.1) | 10.2 (8.3, 12.0) | 86 (87.8) | 7.5 (5.9, 9.1) | 202 (87.1) | 17.7 (15.2, 20.1) |
| Education | ||||||||||
| High school or less | 179 (37.8) | 73.2 (62.5, 84.0) | 107 (42.8) | 43.8 (35.5, 52.1) | 35 (27.8) | 14.3 (9.6, 19.1) | 37 (37.8) | 15.1 (10.3, 20.0) | 101 (43.5) | 41.3 (33.3, 49.4) |
| Some college or more | 295 (62.2) | 22.5 (19.9, 25.0) | 143 (57.2) | 10.9 (9.1, 12.7) | 91 (72.2) | 6.9 (5.5, 8.4) | 61 (62.2) | 4.6 (3.5, 5.8) | 131 (56.5) | 10.0 (8.3, 11.7) |
| All workers | 474 (100.0) | 30.4 (27.7, 33.2) | 250 (100.0) | 16.0 (14.1, 18.0) | 126 (100.0) | 8.1 (6.7, 9.5) | 98 (100.0) | 6.3 (5.0, 7.5) | 232 (100.0) | 14.9 (13.0, 16.8) |
[1] indicates a cell has one to four deaths in a specific category.