Table 4. Summary of contextual factors analysis for scale-up studies.
| Contextual factor | Specific examples from the studies | References and countries of focus |
|---|---|---|
| Epidemiological factors | ○ Problems with compliance have been observed for collection of faecal and blood samples. ○ Reduction in compliance over the lifetime of the project leads to reduced power to measure effect size. ○ Enhanced compliance for collection of faecal samples has been achieved by having a system to discretely submit the faecal samples. |
[61, 69, 76] |
| Social and economic factors | ○ Differential participation of men in baseline and end line surveys due to commitments in farms may have affected gendered analysis of the effects of the intervention. ○ There was poor knowledge of cysticercosis in area—prior knowledge of this could have led to redesigning of the intervention to include health education |
[69] in Zambia; [76] |
| Cultural factors | ○ Taboos around toilet use among the Chewa people in Zambia ensured open defecation continued even with promotion of toilet use. ○ Some communities may rigid to change and hierarchy in decision making may affect adoption |
[69] in Zambia |
| Geographical and environmental factors | ○ Rainfall seasonality affected men attendance to post intervention evaluation meetings because they were busy in the farms. ○ Other economic activities e.g. mining may affect participation in research projects. |
[69] in Zambia and [76] in Burkina Faso |
| Service and organization factors | ○ One health aspects of involving all relevant stakeholders were not fulfilled leading to several challenges in the study in Zambia. ○ Holding extensive community meetings which led to support for the project. ○ Finding qualified staff willing to work in field conditions under the low salary was a challenge |
[69] and [61] in Tanzania, [76] in Burkina Faso |
| Policy and strategies on T. solium control | ○ Projects can be embedded within existing National disease control programme | |
| Financial | ○ Stability and sustainability of funding may affect evaluations due to reduced sampling rounds or sample size | [76] in Burkina Faso |