Table 3.

Results of PS task statistical analysis.

PS features	Preoperative	Intraoperative	P value	Correlation with MDS-UPDRS item
Velocity (V)
$\overline{V}$ (roll angle,°)	357.95 ± 144.88	604.75 ± 205.24	0.000a	−0.403∗
ΔV	−0.11 ± 0.17	0.04 ± 0.25	0.183a	−0.109
V CV	0.16 (0.13, 0.26)	0.17 (0.14, 0.21)	0.638b	0.180
Frequency (F)
$\overline{F}$ (Hz)	1.71 (1.44, 2.02)	1.85 (1.54, 2.40)	0.075b	0.066
ΔF	0.06 ± 0.17	0.05 ± 0.17	0.943a	−0.051
F CV	0.19 ± 0.15	0.16 ± 0.12	0.680a	0.223
Amplitude (A)
$\overline{A}$ (°)	104.04 ± 37.53	151.95 ± 34.24	0.000a	−0.480∗∗
ΔA	−0.19 ± 0.14	−0.01 ± 0.12	0.006a	−0.168
A CV	0.17 ± 0.09	0.13 ± 0.09	0.200a	0.316∗

PS, pronation-supination movements of hands; Δ, change; CV, coefficient of variation; PD, Parkinson's Disease; MDS-UPDRS-III, International Parkinson's and Movement Disorders Society-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale. a: these P values were determined using paired t tests. b: these P values were determined using the Wilcoxon test. Asterisks (∗) indicate significant correlations between kinematic parameters and the score on the corresponding MDS-UPDRS item: ^∗P < 0.05; ^∗∗P < 0.01.