Fig. 4.

Imaging of dynamic three-dimensional processes at high resolution with DC-APOM. (A) Time-lapse of the dispersal process of a V. cholerae biofilm colony (cells express sfGFP), induced by removing glucose from the growth medium. Different cells in the outer periphery of the biofilm depart from the biofilm colony over the course of several minutes. The bottom of the biofilm remains firmly attached to the glass coverslip. (B) Time-lapse at high time resolution of a V. cholerae biofilm (cells express sfGFP) exposed to an osmotic shock, caused by replacing the growth medium with distilled water, showing a massive disruption of the biofilm structure over the course of several seconds. (C) Image overlay showing the interaction of murine macrophages stained with CellTracker (magenta) and E. coli cells expressing sfGFP (green). Individual E. coli cells that have been phagocytosed by the macrophages are visible inside phagosomes. The magnified inset shows the two fluorescence channels separately. The dotted gray lines in the images denote the position of the glass coverslip.