. 2021 Apr 12;51(7):1377–1399. doi: 10.1007/s40279-021-01458-1

Table 4.

The bone mineral content (g) and density (g/cm²) of elite adult soccer players

Reference	N	Country	Standard and time-point	Age (years)	Bone mineral content (g)^a	Bone mineral density (g/cm²)^a
Bellver et al. [177]	46	Spain	First and second teams of Futbol Club Barcelona Season period unknown	22.0 ± 5.2	2.7 ± 0.3	1.26 ± 0.1 H: 1.251 ± 0.14 T: 1.039 ± 0.14 D: 1.453 ± 0.18 L1-L4: 1.34 ± 0.16 FN: 1.24 ± 0.14
Minett et al. [186]	24	USA	Highest division (NCAA D1) Pre-season Post-season	19.0 ± 0.2	H: 37.0 ± 1.0 FN: 5.0 ± 0.1 H: 37.3 ± 1.1 FN: 5.0 ± 0.1	H: 1.13 ± 0.0 FN: 1.02 ± 0.0 H: 1.13 ± 0.0 FN: 1.03 ± 0.0
Moss et al. [129]	13	England	Highest division (WSL1) In-season	23.7 ± 3.4	–	1.3 ± 0.1 H: 1.4 ± 0.1

Reference

Country

Standard and time-point

Age (years)

Bone mineral content (g)^a

Bone mineral density (g/cm²)^a

Bellver et al. [177]

Spain

First and second teams of Futbol Club Barcelona

Season period unknown

22.0 ± 5.2

2.7 ± 0.3

1.26 ± 0.1

H: 1.251 ± 0.14

T: 1.039 ± 0.14

D: 1.453 ± 0.18

L1-L4: 1.34 ± 0.16

FN: 1.24 ± 0.14

Minett et al. [186]

USA

Highest division (NCAA D1)

Pre-season

Post-season

19.0 ± 0.2

H: 37.0 ± 1.0 FN: 5.0 ± 0.1

H: 37.3 ± 1.1 FN: 5.0 ± 0.1

H: 1.13 ± 0.0

FN: 1.02 ± 0.0

H: 1.13 ± 0.0

FN: 1.03 ± 0.0

Moss et al. [129]

England

Highest division (WSL1)

In-season

23.7 ± 3.4

–

1.3 ± 0.1

H: 1.4 ± 0.1

H hip, FN femoral neck, T trochanter, D diaphysis, L1–L4 lumbar 1–4, NCAA D1 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division 1, DXA dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, WSL1 Women’s Super League 1st Division

^aAnalysed by DXA