Table 3.

Results from mixed-effects models for ground beetle abundance, species richness, and biomass. P-values were obtained from likelihood-ratio tests starting with a full-saturated model and removing non-significant (p > 0.05) terms sequentially. Significant predictors (p < 0.05) are indicated in bold.

	Abundance		Species richness		Biomass
	χ²	p-value	χ²	p-value	χ²	p-value
Woody species richness (WSR)	0.07	0.787	0.04	0.849	1.44	0.230
Stand age	0.33	0.565	0.00	0.961	1.17	0.280
Canopy cover	4.28	0.039	3.90	0.048	4.98	0.026
Herb cover	4.67	0.031	5.98	0.014	0.60	0.438
Herb species richness	1.60	0.206	0.89	0.345	0.18	0.673
pH-value (topsoil)	5.30	0.021	3.64	0.056	0.97	0.324
Elevation	0.39	0.531	0.18	0.668	14.71	<0.001
WSR * stand age	0.01	0.941	0.19	0.664	2.41	0.120