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. 2021 Jun 23;11:13183. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-88321-5

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Solving the de novo genome assembly problem using quantum annealers and quantum-inspired (digital) annealing algorithms: (a) raw reads; (b) raw reads are transformed to the overlap-layout-consensus (OLC) graph; (c) finding the Hamiltonian path for the OLC graph is reduced to the QUBO problem; (d) the QUBO problem should be embedded to the architecture of the quantum annealer (D-Wave): for this purpose each logical variable of the the QUBO problem is assigned with several qubits of the quantum annealer; (e) and (f) the Ising problem in QUBO form can be solved using quantum annealers (D-Wave) and quantum-inspired algorithms (SimCIM), correspondingly; (g) the output is the Hamiltonian path; (h) the genome sequence is obtained as the solution.