Table 1.

Statistical results for each experimental task.

Auditory discrimination results: two-way ANOVA
Factor	df	F	p	ηp2
Group (HVD or control)	1	7.32	.008	0.06
Singing experience	1	29.43	< .001	0.2
Group × singing experience	1	1.40	.239

Reflexive response results: three-way mixed effects ANOVA
Factor	df	F	p	ηp2
Group (HVD or control)	1	0.39	.535
Singing experience	1	0.00	.951
Shift direction (up or down)	1	22.99	< .001	0.06
Group × singing experience	1	0.82	.367
Group × shift direction	1	1.2	.276
Singing experience × shift direction	1	6.81	.010	0.02
Group × singing experience × shift direction	1	0.04	.848

Adaptive response results: Chi-squared test for association
df	X2	p	Cramer’s V
3	14.02	.003	0.33

HVD hyperfunctional voice disorder.