a Enrichment protocol for derivation of single cell suspensions from biosamples. b UMAP projection of CD45+CD34+-enriched glioblastoma cells, color coded for graph-based clusters. c Cell type annotation by SingleR in the CD34+CD45+-enriched glioblastoma sample. HSPC Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell. d Marker expression for immune (PTPRC), HSPCs (CD34, SPINK2, GATA2), and myeloid lineages (CD14, ITGAM, TMEM119, CD33) in the glioblastoma dataset. Dashed line indicates the HSPC cluster defined in (c). e SingleR annotation of HSPC subsets in glioblastoma (GBM), tumor-free brain (TFB), bone marrow (BM), and blood samples magnetically enriched by CD34+CD45+ are shown as UMAP projections. Stacked barplot indicates fractions of HSPC subsets as annotated in the four datasets with absolute numbers shown within bars. p value determined by a two-tailed Fisher’s exact test. HSC Hematopoietic stem cell, MPP Multipotent progenitor, CMP Common myeloid progenitor, GMP Granulocyte–monocyte progenitor, CLP Common lymphoid progenitor, MEP Megakaryocyte–erythroid progenitor. f The left panel shows UMAP projection of the integrated dataset used for cell cycle and differential gene expression analysis. Cells derived from each sample are displayed by different color-coding. Right panel: singleR annotation of HSPC subsets in the integrated dataset are highlighted on the UMAP plot by the the corresponding colors shown in the legend. NK cells Natural killer cells. g UMAP plot of cycling and non-cycling cells computed by Seurat. Stacked barplots show the proportion of cycling and non-cycling HSPC subsets in the glioblastoma (GBM), bone marrow (BM), and blood sample. p value determined by a two-tailed Fisher’s exact test corrected by the Benjamini Hochberg procedure. h Heatmaps show a selection of top differentially expressed genes between bone marrow-resident and circulating HSPC subsets vs tumor-associated HSPCs as computed by MAST. The complete dataset is provided in the Supplementary Data 5–8. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.