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. 2021 Jun 23;11:13147. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-91392-z

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Temporal and spatial shifts of accident hot spots. (a) Change of daily accident counts (top) and fractions (bottom) grouped by different hours of a day in NYC. 95% confidence intervals are shown as vertical bars for each data point. Also shown are estimates from three time windows: 15 days (blue and green), 30 days (purple and orange), and 60 days (red and cyan) before and after the mobility change-point. (b) Heatmap of traffic accidents in LA (top) and NYC (bottom) between Feb. 14, 2020 and Apr. 13, 2020, using Mar. 15 2020 as the mobility change-point. The maps are produced by R package ggmap 3.0.0 (github.com/dkahle/ggmap) and Google Map service (cloud.google.com/maps-platform/).