Table 3.
EVs and autophagy for podocytes in glomerular diseases
| Glomerular diseases | Species/models | Type of EVs | Results | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DN |
Rat GMCs; Human podocytes |
Exosomes from HG-induced MCs | Exosomes derived from GMCs induced by high level glucose, are able to activate PI3K/AKT pathway in podocytes via TGFβ1 | Wang et al. (2018c) |
| db/db mice with T2DM | Exosomes from ADSCs | ADSCs-Exo ameliorated DN symptom by enhancing the expression of miR-486 and inhibition of Smad1/mTOR signaling pathway in podocyte | Jin et al. (2019) | |
| FSGS |
Human podocyte cells; Double-transgenic mice with CG |
Exosomes from urine | Urinary exosomal WT-1 levels are higher in children with NS caused by FSGS than with SSNS not remission | Lee et al. (2012) |
| Children with FSGS and MCD | Exosomes from urine | Urinary exosomal miR-193a of children with PNS as the early diagnosis of primary FSGS by regulating autophagy in podocytes | Huang et al. (2017) | |
| IgAN | Adult with IgAN | Exosomes from urine | Exosome excretion was elevated in IgAN patients and exosomal CCL2 mRNA was markedly induced in IgAN patients | Feng et al. (2018) |