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. 2021 Jun 10;12:696101. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.696101

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Taurine attenuates metabolic disturbances in S. uberis infected MECs. EpH4-Ev cells were pretreated with taurine for 24 h and infected with S. uberis in mid-exponential phase at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 10 for 3 h at 37°C. Cellular metabolites were extracted and assayed by GC-TOF-MS. Six samples from each group were tested (n = 6). (A) Significant changes in metabolites in EpH4-Ev cells (S. uberis group versus control group) are shown in the heatmap. (B) Metabolome map of significant metabolic pathways reflected by metabolites of EpH4-Ev cells (S. uberis group versus control group). The x-axis represents pathway enrichment, and the y-axis represents the pathway impact. Large sizes and dark colors represent major-pathway enrichment and high pathway-impact values, respectively. (C) Significant metabolic changes in EpH4-Ev cells (Taurine + S. uberis group versus S. uberis group) are shown. (D) Metabolome map of significant metabolic pathways identified by metabolites in EpH4-Ev cells (Taurine + S. uberis group versus S. uberis group). (E) Model of how taurine alters the metabolomic response of in vitro EpH4-Ev cells in response to a 3 h S. uberis infection.