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. 2021 Jun 10;12:696101. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.696101

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Taurine reprograms cellular metabolism by coordinaing the energy supply and anabolic intermediate production. (A, B) EpH4-Ev cells were pretreated with taurine for 24 h and then stimulated with inactivated S. uberis (MOI = 100) for 3 h at 37°C. Real-time changes in ECAR (A) and OCR (B) in EpH4-Ev cells were assessed during sequential treatment with oligomycin, carbonyl cyanide-4-(trifluoromethoxy) phenylhydrazone (FCCP), and antimycin A + rotenone. (C–H) After taurine pretreatment, EpH4-Ev cells were infected with S. uberis in mid-exponential phase (MOI = 10) for 3 h at 37°C. Enzyme activities related to glycolysis and OXPHOS were determined using commercial kits. (I–K) EpH4-Ev cells were pretreated with taurine for 24 h and then infected in mid-exponential phase for 3 h at 37°C with S. uberis (MOI = 10). The activities of enzymes linking amino acid and energy-related metabolites were determined using commercial kits. Data are represented as mean ± SEM (n = 3). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01.