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Etiology and parameters in diagnosis of AIS.
| Etiology | Diagnostic parameter |
|---|---|
| Cardiac embolism | Echocardiography |
| Holter/loop recorder | |
| Atherosclerosis | CT angiography |
| MR angiography | |
| Carotid Doppler ultrasonography | |
| Small vessel disease | Brain MRI |
| Arterial dissection | CT angiography |
| MR angiography | |
| Cerebral vasculitis | CT angiography |
| Magnetic resonance angiography | |
| Catheter angiography | |
| Cerebrospinal fluid examination | |
| Brain and leptomeningeal biopsy |
