TABLE 2.

hAM used as a covering graft material.

Indication	No. of patients	Graft storage format	Graft size (mm)/Side	Multilayered use/Folding	Post-surgical care/Additional covering to protect hAM	Fate/Resorption	References and year
Mucosal defect after excision of oral submucous fibrosis	25	Fresh	Adapted to the size of the defect	No	Nasogastric feeding for 1 week	Epithelialization (with no indication about the time)	Lai et al., 1995
Mucosal defect after excision of cancerous/precancerous lesions	10	Dried and irradiated	Various sizes: from 21 × 18 mm to 60 × 35 mm mesenchymal side facing the wound	No	hAM placed directly on the wound, stabilized using a pressure dressing of antibiotic ointment gauze removed at day 6 Oral feeding	At day 6: hAM nearly invisible Full epithelialization obtained in a maximum of 6 weeks	Arai et al., 2012
Mucosal defect after excision of cancerous lesions	50	Cryopreserved	100 × 100 mm, then adapted to size of defect	No	ND	At 3 weeks: good granulation tissue formation At 1 month: good surface epithelialization	Khademi et al., 2013
Mucosal defect after excision of cancerous/precancerous lesions	34	Cryopreserved	40 × 40 mm	No	Nasogastric feeding for 1 week	At 3 months: good epithelialization in 100% of patients	Kar et al., 2014
Mucosal defect after excision of benign or precancerous lesions	5	Autologous oral mucosal epithelial cell cultured on de-epithelialized cryopreserved hAM	Adapted to size of defect	No	Suture removal at 1 week	At 1 month: full epithelialization	Amemiya et al., 2015
Mandibular vestibuloplasty	20	Lyophilized and irradiated	Adapted to size of defect identical mesenchymal side facing the wound	No	No stent Tight compression dressing over the lower lip	Day 10: hAM is not differentiated from the surrounding tissues; epithelialization continuation in the graft After 2 weeks: complete resorption of hAM After 3 weeks: graft zone covered by oral mucosa After 4 weeks: complete recovery of the graft	Guler et al., 1997
Mandibular vestibuloplasty	7	Fresh	60 × 100 mm2, then adapted to size of defect mesenchymal side facing the periosteum	No	Protection with a splint covered with a tetracycline topical gel and fixed with sutures, removed after 1 week	After 2 weeks: persistence of small segments of hAM After 3 weeks: complete resorption of the hAM, grafted zone still identifiable After 3 months: no difference between the grafted zone and the surrounding mucosa	Samandari et al., 2004
Mandibular vestibuloplasty	10	Preserved in glycerol	60 × 100 mm3, then adapted to size of defect mesenchymal side facing the periosteum	No	Use of a suction catheter stent fixed to surrounding mucosa, removed after week 1	After 3 weeks: complete resorption of the hAM, grafted zone still identifiable After 3 months: no difference between grafted zone and surrounding mucosa	Sharma et al., 2011
Mandibular vestibuloplasty	10	Preserved in glycerol	60 × 100 mm, then adapted to size of defect	No	Protection with a splint secured with bone screws, removed at day 7, with cleaning of the surgical site	ND	Kothari et al., 2011
Mandibular vestibuloplasty	2	Dried and irradiated	40 × 20 mm, then adapted to size of defect	No	Surgical splint fixed over the hAM (with mini-screws) and removed at 1 week Oral feeding started the day after surgery	At 1 week: hAM nearly invisible Full epithelialization obtained in a maximum of 6 weeks, with sufficient keratinized gingiva	Tsuno et al., 2014
Oronasal fistulae	4	Cryopreserved	50 × 50 mm, then adapted to size of defect	5 layers	Protection with a palatal plate	ND	Rohleder et al., 2013

Number of applications = 1. ND: not done.