Table 3.
Absolute difference in thyroid hormones associated with a difference in log-transformed concentration of each individual metabolite from the 25th to 75th percentile in euthyroid pregnant women in MoBa 2003–2008 (N=473), while keeping adjustment factors constant*.
| Model | Organophosphate ester metabolites | Phthalate metabolites | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DPHP | DNBP | MEP | MiBP | MnBP | MBzP | ∑DEHP | ∑DiNP | |
| TT3/TT4 (ng/μg) | ||||||||
| GLM | 0.34 (0.08, 0.60) | −0.21 (−0.44, 0.02) | 0.15 (−0.16, 0.47) | 0.15 (−0.18, 0.48) | 0.15 (−0.14, 0.44) | −0.08 (−0.40, 0.25) | 0.04 (−0.17, 0.26) | −0.37 (−0.59, −0.15) |
| BKMR (exact) | 0.06 (−0.27, 0.39) | −0.01 (−0.09, 0.08) | 0.0001 (− 0.01, 0.01) | 0.01 (−0.11, 0.12) | 0.002 (−0.06, 0.06) | 0.05 (−0.21, 0.31) | 0.01 (−0.11, 0.13) | −0.48 (−0.96, 0.003) |
| BKMR (approx) | 0.32 (0.04, 0.61) | −0.16 (−0.39, 0.07) | 0.01 (−0.08, 0.11) | 0.16 (−0.13, 0.45) | 0.07 (−0.13, 0.28) | 0.02 (−0.32, 0.35) | 0.01 (−0.23, 0.26) | −0.57 (−0.90, −0.24) |
| TT3 (ng/dL) | ||||||||
| GLM | 1.32 (−1.68, 4.32) | −0.84 (−3.44, 1.76) | 0.69 (−2.88, 4.26) | 1.63 (−2.16, 5.43) | 0.96 (−2.38, 4.29) | 2.43 (−1.28, 6.14) | −0.47 (− 2.94, 2.01) | −1.99 (−4.52, 0.53) |
| BKMR (exact) | 0.02 (−0.62, 0.67) | −0.002 (− 0.36, 0.35) | 0.0005 (− 0.09, 0.09) | 0.22 (−1.64, 2.08) | 0.05 (−0.85, 0.95) | 1.12 (−3.52, 5.77) | 0.003 (− 0.35, 0.35) | −0.16 (−1.74, 1.41) |
| BKMR (approx) | 0.71 (−1.80, 3.22) | −0.49 (−2.64, 1.66) | 0.06 (−1.26, 1.38) | 1.91 (−1.86, 5.69) | 0.44 (−2.32, 3.20) | 2.48 (−1.32, 6.28) | −0.39 (− 2.22, 1.45) | −1.36 (−3.72, 0.99) |
| TT4 (μg/dL) | ||||||||
| GLM | −0.14 (− 0.30, 0.02) | 0.11 (−0.03, 0.25) | −0.07 (− 0.26, 0.12) | 0.02 (−0.18, 0.23) | −0.03 (−0.21, 0.15) | 0.18 (−0.01, 0.38) | −0.07 (− 0.20, 0.06) | 0.13 (−0.01, 0.26) |
| BKMR (exact) | −0.001 (− 0.03, 0.03) | 0.01 (−0.07, 0.09) | −0.0001 (− 0.01, 0.01) | −0.0001 (− 0.02, 0.02) | −0.00003 (− 0.01, 0.01) | 0.005 (− 0.06, 0.07) | 0.0001 (− 0.01, 0.01) | 0.01 (−0.08, 0.09) |
| BKMR (approx) | −0.11 (− 0.25, 0.03) | 0.10 (−0.03, 0.24) | −0.03 (− 0.16, 0.09) | 0.005 (− 0.13, 0.14) | −0.01 (−0.10, 0.08) | 0.14 (−0.03, 0.31) | −0.03 (− 0.12, 0.06) | 0.11 (−0.02, 0.23) |
| TSH (mU/L) | ||||||||
| GLM | 0.05 (−0.05, 0.14) | −0.02 (−0.10, 0.06) | −0.02 (− 0.13, 0.10) | 0.04 (−0.08, 0.16) | −0.02 (−0.12, 0.09) | −0.02 (−0.14, 0.10) | 0.02 (−0.06, 0.10) | 0.03 (−0.05, 0.12) |
| BKMR (exact) | 0.001 (− 0.02, 0.02) | -0.0002 (− 0.02, 0.02) | 0.00004 (− 0.01, 0.01) | 0.001 − 0.02, 0.03) | 0.003 (−0.03, 0.04) | 0.0002 (− 0.02, 0.02) | 0.002 (− 0.02, 0.03) | −0.003 (−0.06, 0.05) |
| BKMR (approx) | 0.03 (−0.05, 0.12) | −0.01 (−0.08, 0.06) | −0.01 (− 0.10, 0.08) | 0.02 (−0.07, 0.12) | 0.001 (−0.10, 0.09) | −0.01 (−0.10, 0.08) | 0.01 (−0.06, 0.08) | 0.01 (−0.07, 0.10) |
All models included log-transformed concentrations of 2 OPE and 6 phthalate metabolites simultaneously while adjusting for year, dietary selenium, dietary iodine, parity, depression, season of urine collection, education, age, and smoking during pregnancy.
BKMR estimates were calculated by contrasting the posterior outcome levels at 25th and 75th exposure percentiles; GLM estimates were calculated by scaling the regression coefficients by interquartile range.
Abbreviations: triiodothyronine, T3; thyroxine, T4; Thyroid stimulating hormone, TSH; Diphenyl phosphate, DPHP; Di-n-butyl phosphate, DNBP; Bis(2-butoxyethyl) hydrogen phosphate, BBOEP; Bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate, BDCIPP; specific gravity, SG; geometric mean, GM; geometric standard deviation, SD; monoethyl phthalate, MEP; mono-iso-butyl phthalate, MiBP; mono-n-butyl phthalate, MnBP; monobenzyl phthalate, MBzP; di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, ∑DEHP; di-iso-nonyl phthalate, ∑DINP; general linear model, GLM; Bayesian kernel machine regression, BKMR.