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. 2021 Jun 10;12:683151. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.683151

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Copyright © 2021 Cai, Liu, Men and Zheng

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Regulation of HN on Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway under oxidative stress. HN promotes Keap1 degradation and release of Nrf2. Under stress conditions, HN inhibits the expression of Keap1, promotes the dissociation of Nrf2 and Keap1, activates the expression of antioxidant genes (SOD, CAD, HO-1, NQO1), and protects mitochondria from oxidative stress damage. Stress also triggers UPRmt, promotes the expression of antioxidant genes and the recovery of mitochondrial function, further promoting the formation of HN.