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. 2021 Jun 10;12:683151. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.683151

Table 1.

Regulation and biological effect of HN signaling pathways on oxidative stress.

Signaling pathway Model stimulate Intervention Direct effects Indirect effects Reference
Humanin-Nrf2 •  Human ovarian cells •  PCOS •  HNG

  • Increase antioxidant enzyme

  • Reduce ROS

  • Protect ovarian cells

 (58)
Humanin-CMA •  HUVECs •  OX-LDL •  Gly-14 humanin

  • restores cathepsinD function

  • promotes autophagic degradation

  • Inhibit lipid and cholesterol aggregation

  • Aging cell protection

 (59)

  • H9C2

  • MN9D

  • NIH3T3

  • Paraquat

  • Rotenone

  • H2O2

 •  HNG

  • Reduce ROS

  • Promote CMA

 – (17)
Humanin-JNK/P38MAPK •  murine osteoblastic cell line •  H2O2 •  HNGF6A •  Protect osteoblasts from apoptosis and osteoblast phenotype inhibition – (60)
•  cortical neurons •  NMDA •  humanin

  • Reduce ROS

  • Reduce intracellular calcium

 •  Protect the nervous system (37)
Humanin-AMPK •  HAECs •  FFA •  humanin •  Reduce ROS and NOX2 •  Protection of cardiovascular system (61)
•  Human primary hepatocytes •  Sodium palmitate •  humanin

  • Reduce ROS

  • Improve glucose and lipid metabolism

  • Inhibition of lipid accumulation

  • Improve NAFLD

 (35)

  • Bone

  • marrow-

  • derived macrophage

 •  RANKL •  humanin

  • Reduce ROS

  • Inhibit inflammation

 •  Inhibit bone disorders (36)
Humanin-PI3K/AKT-JAK2/STAT3 •  SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells •  OGD/R •  HNG

  • Increase antioxidant enzyme

  • Reduce ROS

 •  Protect the nervous system (62)