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. 2021 Jun 10;12:688910. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.688910

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Lactate metabolism is implicated in the tumor microenvironment. (A) The main biochemical players in lactate generation: the glycolytic pathway and OXPHOS. (B) Role of lactate in the TME, including tumor, stromal, immune cells, blood vessels and cellular metabolites such as lactate. As a consequence of the Warburg effect and the lactate shuttle, lactate accumulation induces acidosis, angiogenesis, immunosuppression, and tumor cell proliferation and survival.