Table 1.
Summary of the main article cited in this review and their main properties.
| Reference | Taska | Input Datab | Output Datac | Nb subjects | Data selectiond | Algorithm typee | Validationf | Evaluation metricg | Performance | Model available |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1) MRC CRASH Trial Collaborators (18) | Cla | Clinical data + RR | dGOS | 18517 | GCS ≤ 14 | MLR | External | AUC | 77% | Yes |
| 2) Steyerberg et al. (19) | Cla | Clinical data + RR | dGOS | 14781 | GCS ≤ 12 | MLR | External | AUC | 80% | Yes |
| 3) Raj et al. (9) | Cla | RR | dGOS | 869 | Severe + moderate + mild complicated TBI | MLR | Internal | AUC | 75% | No |
| 4) Matsuo et al. (20) | Cla | Clinical data + RR | dGOS | 232 | Abnormal RR | RF | Internal | AUC | 89.5% | No |
| 5) Hale et al. (21) | Cla | Clinical data + RR | dGOS | 565 | Mild + severe pediatric TBI | ANN | Internal | AUC | 94.6% | No |
| 6) Rau et al. (22) | Cla | Clinical data + RR | Mortality | 2059 | AIS≥3 | MLR | Internal | Acc | 93.5% | No |
| 7) van der Ploeg et al. (23) | Cla | Clinical data + RR | Mortality | 11026 | Moderate + severe TBI | MLR | External | AUC | 76.4% | No |
| 8) Gravesteijn et al. (24) | Cla | Clinical data + RR | Mortality | 12576 | Moderate + severe TBI | GBM | External | AUC | 83% | No |
| 8) Gravesteijn et al. (24) | Cla | Clinical data + RR | dGOS | 12576 | Moderate + severe TBI | ANN | External | AUC | 78% | No |
| 9) Kim et al. (25) | Cla | CT-scan | Severe/mild edema | 70 | Pediatric TBI | Proportion of voxels ∈[17, 24] HU + non parametric tests | NI | AUC | 85% | No |
| 9) Kim et al. (25) | Cla | CT-scan | Delayed/mild edema | 70 | Pediatric TBI | Proportion of voxels ∈[17, 24] HU + non parametric tests | NI | AUC | 75% | No |
| 10) Rosa et al. (17) | Cla | CT-scan + lesions segmentation | EDH + SDH + Contusions | 155 | Presence lesion | Radiomic features extraction + PLS-DA | Internal | Acc | 89.7% | No |
| 11) Chilamkurthy et al. (26) | Cla | CT-scan | ICH + fracture + midline shift + mass effect | 313809 | NI | CNN | External | AUC | 92.16 - 97.31% | No |
| 12) Jadon et al. (27) | Seg | 2D CT-scan | Hemmorhage | 40000 | NI | CNN | NI | DSC | 85.78 - 94.24% | No |
| 13) Jain et al. (28) | Seg | CT-scan | IC lesions | 144 | Center-TBI | CNN | Internal | DSC | 73% | No |
| 14) Kuo et al. (29) | Seg | CT-scan | ICH | 791 | NI | CNN | External | DSC | 76.6% | No |
| 15) Yao et al. (30) | Seg | CT-scan | Hematoma | 828 | GCS∈[4, 12] | CNN | Internal | DSC | 69.7% | No |
| 15) Yao et al. (30) | Cla | Clinical data + CT-scan | Mortality | 828 | GCS∈[4, 12] | RF | Internal | AUC | 85.3% | No |
| 16) Monteiro et al. (16) | Seg | CT-scan | IPH + EAH + PO + IVH | 839 | Center-TBI | CNN | Internal | DSC | 36% | Yes |
| 16) Monteiro et al. (16) | Cla | CT-scan | IPH + EAH + PO + IVH | 490 | Center-TBI + CQ500 | CNN | External | AUC | 83% - 95% | Yes |
Task: Cla, Classification; Seg, Segmentation.
Input Data: clinical data = metrics representing demography or physiology, RR, radiological reading metrics manually retrieved from CT scan and CT scan, computed tomography image.
Output Data: dGOS, dichotomized Glasgow Outcome Score, EDH, extra dural hemmorhage; SDH, subdural hemorrhage; ICH, intracranial hemorrhage; IC, intracranial; PO, oerilesional edema; IVH, intraventricular hemorrhage.
Data selection: GCS, Glasgow Coma Score; AIS, Abbreviated Injury Scale; NI, no information; Center-TBI and CQ500: public databases containing TBI CT scans.
Algorithm type: MLR, multivariate logical regression; RF, random forest; ANN, artificial neural network; CNN, convolutional neural network; GBM, gradient boosting machine; HU, Hounsfield Units.
Validation: NI, no information.
Evaluation metric: AUC, area under the curve; Acc, accuracy; DSC, Dice similarity coefficient.