Table 1.

A – Characteristics of the study population and arterial blood gas analysis data at the time of Emergency Room (ER) admission.

		n	Tot.	% of n	Mean	DS
Age	349			69,20	13,40
Sex	349
	Male		232	66,5%
	Female		117	33,5%
Smoking	277
	Never		235	84,8%
	Former/current		42	15,2%
Comorbidities	349
	Systemic arterial hypertension or Chronic Atrial fibrillation		239	68,5%
	Diabetes mellitus		69	19,8%
	Cerebrovascular accidents and/or ischemic heart disease		58	16,6%
	Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma		45	12,9%
	Chronic kidney failure		35	10,0%
	Active neoplasm (or diagnosis <5 years)		31	8,9%
	Obesity		29	8,3%
	Immunodepression and/or autoimmune disease		21	6,0%
	Venous thromboembolism		7	2,0%
	Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS)		7	2,0%
	Interstitial lung disease		2	0,6%
	Miscellaneous		139	39,8%
≥2 comorbidities	349	172	49,3%
Symptoms	349
	Fever		291	83,4%
	Dyspnea		224	64,2%
	Cough		159	45,6%
	Dysgeusia/ageusia		32	9,2%
	Anosmia		39	11,2%
	Diarrhea		52	14,1%
	Abdominal pain		26	7,1%
	Headache		36	9,8%
	Fatigue Mental confusion/delirium		132 29	35,9% 8,3%
ER admission
FiO2	349			0,24	0,11
FiO2 > 0,21	349	25	7,2%
SpO2	260			91,8	5,9
ABG/PaO2 and P/F available	308		88,3%
ABG/PaO2, PaCO2 and P/F available	305		87,4%
	pH				7,47	0,05
	PaO2 (mmHg)				63,8	16,4
	STPaO2 (mmHg)				50,6	18,5
	PaCO2 (mmHg)				32,1	5,0
	HCO3- standard (mmol/L)				24,0	3,2
	PF				286,7	79,3
	STP/F				225,8	80,5
	PF<200	308	31	10,1%
	STP/F <200	305	117	38,4%
Days from symptoms start to ER admission				6,1	2,0
Days from symptoms start to Pulmonology Unit admission				9,6	7,7
Days from ER admission to Pulmonology Unit admission				3,5	5,7
Table 1. B – Arterial blood gas analysis data at the time of Pulmonology Unit admission and outcomes of the study population.

		n	Tot.	% of n	Mean	DS
Pulmonology Unit admission
Previous hospital setting	349
	ER		201	57,6%
	General Medicine Units		70	20,1%
	Infectious diseases Unit		44	12,6%
	Other units		34	9,7%
Respiratory treatment/support applied	349
	Standard oxygen therapy		202	57,8%
	High flow nasal oxygen		106	30,4%
	Continuous positive airway pressure		31	8,9%
	Non invasive ventilation		7	2,0%
Thoracic high Resolution Computed Tomography/ pattern	333
	Ground glass opacities		146	43,8%
	Consolidation ± Ground glass opacities		187	56,2%
FC (bpm)	337			80,1	13,4
FR (breaths/minute)	322			22,3	5,4
FiO2	349			0,51	0,20
SpO2 (%)	344			95,8	2,7
ABG available	349
	ph				7,44	0,40
	PaO2 (mmHg)				85,7	25,4
	STPaO2 (mmHg)				78,3	26,8
	PaCO2 (mmHg)				35,5	5,0
	PaCO2 ≤ 40 mmhg		309	88,5%
	HCO3 (mmol/L)				25,6	3,4
	P/F	349			189,4	61,9
	STP/F	349			172,4	80,1
	P/F<200	349	196	56,2%
	STP/F <200	349	249	71,3%
Outcomes
Outcome failure	349	113	32,4%
Deaths	349	58	16,6%
Need for Invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV)	349	77	22,1%
Need for respiratory treatment step up Survival, from symptoms start to date of death (days) Survival, from ER admission to date of death (days)	349 58 58	172	49,3%	21,0 16,8	13.4  13,3
Days from ER Admission to recovery from ARF	291			21,6	9,9