Table 3.

Prevalence estimates for anxiety disorder or its symptoms among YLWH from SSA according to the measurement tool used

Author, year	Country	Outcome of interest	Sample size	Assessment tool used	Cut‐off score	Information on local tool validation	Prevalence estimates
International classification of diseases, tenth edition (ICD‐10) symptom checklist
Musisi & Kinyanda, 2009 [50]	Uganda	Anxiety disorder	82	ICD‐10	NA	–	45.6%
The patient health questionnaire for adolescents (PHQ‐A)
Buckley et al., 2020 [65]	South Africa	Anxiety disorder symptoms (Panic disorder)	81 HIV+ 81 HIV−	PHQ‐A	NR	NR	3.7% among HIV+ 2.5% among HIV− p = 0.99
The revised children’s manifest anxiety scale (RCMAS)
West et al., 2018 [58]	South Africa	Anxiety symptoms	278	14‐item RCMAS	≥10	Not provided in this study, but authors say tools were previously validated in South Africa	6.7%
Woollet et al., 2017 [59]	South Africa	Anxiety symptoms	343	28‐item RCMAS	NR	Not provided in this study, but authors say they used measures previously used with youth in South Africa (Cronbach alpha >0.75)	25.0%
The youth inventory fouth revision (YI‐4R) and the child and adolescent symptom inventory‐5 (CASI‐5)
Kinyanda et al., 2019 [55]	Uganda	Symptoms of: ‐Any anxiety disorder ‐GAD ‐SAD ‐SEAD	479	YI‐4R CASI‐5	NR	Cronbach alpha of 0.88 and test–retest reliability of 0.2, p < 0.01 Cronbach alpha of 0.77 and test–retest reliability of 0.17, p < 0.01	14.7% for Any anxiety disorder 7.2% for GAD 7.0% for SAD 5.4% for SEAD
The 7‐item generalized anxiety disorder scale (GAD‐7)
Haas et al., 2020 [78]	South Africa	Anxiety symptoms	1088	GAD‐7	≥10	NR	2.2%
Beck’s youth inventory‐II (BYI‐II)
Hoare et al., 2019 [66]	South Africa	Anxiety symptoms	204 HIV+ 44 HIV−	BYI‐II (Anxiety inventory)	NR	NR	11.8% among HIV+ 9.1% among HIV− p = 0.61

GAD, Generalized Anxiety Disorder; NA, not applicable; NR, not reported; SAD, Social Anxiety Disorder; SEAD, Separation Anxiety Disorder.