TABLE 1.

Plant growth traits, growing environments and growth stages in this study.

Root and yield trait	Plant growing environment and growth stage
Total length of roots (TRL)	Indoor Hydroponic culture (IHC)
Total root volume (TRV)	Outdoor Pot culture (OPC)
Average root diameter (ARD)	Outdoor Hydroponic culture (OHC)
Total root area (TRA)	Seedling stage (SS)
Number of root tips (NRT)	Wintering period (WP)
Root dry weight (RDW)	Jointing stage (JS)
Grain yield per area (GY)	Mature stage (MS)
Spikes per area (SPA)
Grains per spike (GPS)
Thousand-kernel weight (TKW)